陈慧《三略》读书笔记

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-19 17:54:16

不当兵不做官的人读兵书有什么用处？这是每个参加兵书阅读的人需要回答的问题。

时下奸商多、奸官多、奸民多，一句话奸人多，而我们自己，则邪愚的多。生活变成了一场旷日持久的智慧测验；同时世间奸邪之术经久不衰，越来越昌盛，学习成了一场旷日持久的洗脑与反洗脑的较量；更加重要的是，当今国际世界，战云密布，文化战、心理战、经贸战、科技战、金融战、生化战、甚至热战甚嚣尘上，各种无底线无规则缺德失道蔓延天际，各种安全关切，成了生活的日常内容。安排阅读一些兵家经典，以备时需。在《鬼谷子》之后我们安排的兵家作品是黄石公的《三略》。
《三略》即策略、谋略、战略，此书简略不穷，但其意精明，虽未述全，但不失为兵家上乘之略，相对于《六韬》更精深、更全面。《三略》原称《黄石公三略》，是著名的中国古代军事著作。此书侧重于从政治策略上阐明治国用兵的道理，不同于其他兵书。它是一部糅合了诸子各家的某些思想，专论战略的兵书。南宋晁公武称其：“论用兵机之妙、严明之决，军可以死易生，国可以存易亡。”北宋神宗元丰年间被当时武学必读书《武经七书》编入。

黄石公的作品我们已经读过《素书》。《黄石公三略》分上略、中略、下略3个部分，共3800余字。与前代兵书不同，它是一部专论战略的兵书，尤其侧重阐述政略，这是该书的一个显著特点。它是我国古代第一部专讲战略的专著。《三略》的另一个特点，即是大量引用古代兵书《军谶》《军势》中的内容来表达自己的思想，共引用了700余字，占全书的1/6强。因而为后人保留了这两部已佚兵书的部分精华。结合对素书的理解，可见黄石公作品的特点是立足于整体的所谓“上帝视角”。

推荐导读读本：白云先生著《先秦经典中的管理智慧（下）》江苏人民出版社出版 ISBN 978-7-214-25228-9。可以使用各种版本的导读作品。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-19 17:54:33

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-19 23:01 编辑

2023.02.19 星期天第一周第1天原文：
夫主将之法，务揽英雄之心，赏禄有功，通志于众。故与众同好，靡不成；与众同恶，靡不倾。治国安家，得人也；亡国破家，失人也。含气之类，咸愿得其志。
《军谶》曰：“柔能制刚，弱能制强。”柔者，德也；刚者，贼也。弱者人之所助，强者怨之所攻。柔有所设，刚有所施；弱有所用，强有所加。兼此四者，而制其宜。

一、查字
务：“敄”是“務”的本字。攴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示持械打击。敄，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042395549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042312151.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042852320.png（矛，武器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042350415.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042466241.png（攴，持械打击），表示持矛拼杀。当“敄”的本义消失后，繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409834395.png在“敄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409776044.png的基础上再加“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409877323.png（竭力），强调在你死我活的搏杀中“竭尽全力”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042620432.png将繁体金文的混合结构，调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，手持矛盾戈戟，进行你死我活的竭力搏杀。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651662429.png将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651290886.png写成反“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651626621.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651475926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651379158.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651969297.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651361936.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“务”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651524692.png，省去正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651675898.png。古籍多以“務”代替“敄”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：務，趣也。从力，敄聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：务，为使命而奔忙。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“敄”作声旁。

揽：覽，既是声旁也是形旁，表示俯视。攬，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330131452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330736047.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/7/20211207034646473289.gif（手，抱持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330455641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330761573.png（俯视），表示抱着看。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330785992.png将左右结构调整成上下结构。造字本义：动词，抱在怀里看。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330850456.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/7/20211207034646473289.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330190933.png，将篆文字形中的“覽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330761573.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330383536.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“揽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330542434.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“覽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330171091.png简化成“览”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104330647206.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：㩜，總撮而持。从手，監聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：擥，总揽撮持。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“监”作声旁。

通：用，既是声旁也是形旁，表示可使器物。通，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050135646.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050565549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050616634.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050383825.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png（用，借代物用），表示物用来往，交流有无。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050520752.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050679923.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050190213.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成“甬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png。造字本义：动词，不同部落或聚邑彼此来往，交换物用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050664455.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050421674.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050548957.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050908841.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：通，達也。从辵，甬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：通，直达。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“甬”作声旁。

靡：麻，既是声旁也是形旁，是“糜”的省略，表示分解、失去原形。靡，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035650743405.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111203517097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035657863020.gif（麻，即“糜”的省略，分解、失去原形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111203235233.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035704580966.gif（非，即“菲”的省略，蕨类植物），表示失去原形的蕨类植物，即在风力作用下变形、葡伏的蕨类植物。造字本义：动词，茎干柔弱的蕨类植物在强风中变形，葡伏倒地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035712402831.gif将篆文字形中的“麻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035657863020.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035719334830.gif，将篆文字形中的“非”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035704580966.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/13/20210413035727636740.gif。古籍常“披靡”并用，表示强者所向无敌：“披”指迎面拨开、分开，比喻强势进攻的力量，将弱势防守的阵营，打得星散零落，从中辟出通道；“靡”指蕨类植物茎干柔弱，不堪一击，在风中变形，葡伏倒地。古籍也常“靡蓱”并用，比喻没有自主力的弱势小生命：“靡”指顺风葡伏的柔弱植物；“蓱”指随水漂流的无根植物。
附一文言版《説文解字》：靡，披靡也。从非，麻聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：靡，披靡。字形采用“非”作边旁，采用“麻”作声旁。

倾：“頃”是“傾”的本字。頁，既是声旁也是形旁，是“頸”的省略。頃，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022616437245.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104650256951.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022622696584.gif（人，当事人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104650292462.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022631877749.gif（頁，是“頸”的省略，颈脖），表示向前倾斜着脖子，以便耳目接近关注目标。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022646993236.gif误将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022622696584.gif写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022705890653.gif，将金文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022631877749.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022717211511.gif。当“頃”的“向前倾斜颈脖”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022729421247.gif再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610011425661922.gif另造“傾”代替。造字本义：动词，前仰脖子，以便让自己的耳朵和眼睛尽可能接近所关注的目标对象。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022746411833.gif将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610011425661922.gif写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022758359091.gif，将篆文字形中的“頃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022819854345.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/10/20200610022806801205.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“倾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104753684176.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104753313291.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104753886937.png。古籍多以“傾”代替“頃”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：傾，仄也。从人，从頃，頃亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：倾，歪着头。字形采用“人、顷”会义，“顷”也作声旁。

含：含，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/1/20200801082235788349.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130219686.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/1/20200801082242759627.gif（今，即“吟”的本字，低吟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130759113.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/1/20200801082251191211.gif（口，嘴），表示在嘴里低吟。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130637176.png将金文字形中的“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/1/20200801082242759627.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130472863.png。造字本义：动词，话在口中，没有吐露。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130201932.png将篆文字形中的“今”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130472863.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023130417369.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：含，嗛也。从口，今聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：含，口有所衔。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“今”作声旁。

咸：咸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634499744.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634978559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634799424.png（戌，大戈，杀戮武器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634776638.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634780657.png（囗，聚邑），表示对城邑进行毁灭性杀戮。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634507295.png将甲骨文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634799424.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634843736.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634294846.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634843736.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634119471.png。造字本义：动词，毁邑屠城，全部消灭。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634745561.png将篆文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634119471.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104634349772.png。古人称军队守城为“或”，称毁邑屠城为“咸”。《汉字简化方案》用“咸”代替合并“鹹”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：咸，皆也。悉也。从口，从戌。戌，悉也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：咸，全，都，详，尽。字形采用“口、戌”会义。戌，详尽。

助：且，既是声旁也是形旁，是“祖”的本字，表示宗族先民。助，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802281421.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802683340.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802815093.png（且，即“祖”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802140604.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802235615.png（力，体能、能量），表示祖先赐予力量。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802880700.png将金文字形的上下结构调整成左右结构，将金文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802235615.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802239737.png。造字本义：动词，祖先神灵赐予力量。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802111156.png将篆文字形中的“且”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802709548.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802547435.png，将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802239737.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105802425052.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：助，左也。从力，且聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：助，辅佐。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“且”作声旁。

怨：夗，既是声旁也是形旁，是“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，表示弯曲、回转。怨，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410750773.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713198618.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png（夗，即“宛”、亦即“婉”的省略，弯曲回转）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713178887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png（心，情绪），表示委婉、迂回表达的负面情绪。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/16/20200116090226266386.gif将金文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410131756.png写成“命”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410107754.png，将籀文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410817828.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121410394136.png，表示对强令的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713419582.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，以委婉、迂回、间接的方式表达不满情绪。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713509642.png将篆文字形中的“夗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713179371.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713840325.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713716123.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104713921385.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：怨，恚也。从心，夗聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文怨。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怨，藏恨于心。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“夗”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这古文写法的“怨”字。

攻：工，既是声旁也是形旁，表示多用的巧具、器械。攻，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409755270.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647199357.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409652706.png（工，多用的巧具、器械）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647755541.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409209918.png（攴，持械击杀），表示武器、巧械并用。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647556797.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409652706.png简化为“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647824354.png，将甲骨文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121409209918.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647510544.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647803684.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，用梯械、武器夺寨拔城。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647478955.png将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647906351.png写成“攵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104647986157.png。　
附一文言版《説文解字》：攻，擊也。从攴，工聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：攻，武力打击。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“工”作声旁。

施：也，既是声旁也是形旁，与“它”同源，是“蛇”的省略，表示蜿蜒蠕动。施，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625240283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625944500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png（㫃，是“旗”的本字，飘扬的军旗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625492626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625948884.png（也，即“蛇”的省略，蜿蜒蠕动），比喻军旗在风中旖旎飘动。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625589218.png将金文字形中的“㫃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png，即误将金文字形中的旗杆形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625567272.png写成“方”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625372082.png，误将金文字形中的旗幅形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625461222.png写成“人”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625224916.png。造字本义：动词，军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625955628.png将篆文字形中的“㫃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625685398.png，将篆文字形中的“也”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625115000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625421598.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：施，旗皃。从㫃，也聲。齊欒施字子旗，知施者旗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：施，旗帜飘动的样子。字形采用“㫃”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。齐国欒施字子旗，由此可知施是旗。

加：加，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243797755.png疑为“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png”（即“嘉”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.png的金文字形之省略，是“嘉”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243274705.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243617697.png（力，极力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243590181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243788326.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243930852.png，即“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243620690.png”的省略，亦即“龠”的省略，吹奏多管多孔的排笛），表示竭力吹笙击鼓。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.png省略了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243930852.png”、被简化为“加”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243797755.png之后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243244845.png再加“壴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243322012.png（鼓）另造“嘉”代替，明确“吹笙击鼓”的本义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243709898.png将金文字形中手臂形的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243301238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243674495.png，淡化了手形；同时将金文的上下结构调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，在丰收庆典的颂神仪式上，竭力吹笙击鼓，狂欢礼赞。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243308204.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243674495.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243769051.png，手形消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：加，語相增加也。从力，从口。
附二白话版《说文解字》：加，说话夸张。字形采用“力、口”会义。

二、翻译
君主统治将领之去，要竭力把英雄抱在怀里看的心，对有功之人要赏䘵，把自己的志与从人交换。所以与众人有共同的目标，一定能做成功；与众人所厌恶是一致的，没有什么能够阻挡的。国家治理好，家才能安定，在于得到人心；国破家亡，是因为失去了人心。所有的生命，都希望能够达成自己的愿望，都希望自己被认可被肯定。《军谶》说：“柔能胜刚，弱能胜强。”柔，德不形；刚，有形有其所长。弱者以柔弱容蓄获助，强者以用强而被攻。柔有所布署兵力指挥战斗，刚则能军旗在柔和的风中飘动；弱越是用德越无为，强就越有为越强。把这四者结合起来，君主能够怀德用德，臣能够情才使能，德与才相合，这样才是最适宜的上下关系。

三、背诵
已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-20 19:16:23

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-20 19:22 编辑

2023.02.20 星期一第一周第2天原文：端末未见，人莫能知；天地神明，与物推移；变动无常，因敌转化；不为事先，动而辄随。故能图制无疆，扶成天威，匡正八极，密定九夷。如此谋者，为帝王师。故曰：莫不贪强，鲜能守微，若能守微，乃保其生。圣人存之，动应事机。舒之弥四海，卷之不盈情；居之不以室宅，守之不能城郭；藏之胸臆，而敌国服。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1端：“耑”是“端”和“湍”的本字。耑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094637150488.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155483334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155228534.png（“止”上有水，即涉水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155362968.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094658368205.gif（老，拄杖者），表示老人拄杖涉水。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155609387.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155483334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155616213.png（止，脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155362968.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155485582.png（支，竹杖），https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111155192086.png两点表示水滴。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094731677806.gif严重变形，误将甲骨文字形中上部的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094803977291.gif写成“爪”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094937561810.gif，误将甲骨文字形中下部的“老”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094658368205.gif写成“而”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309094922806544.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309095107235650.gif基本承续金文字形。当“耑”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309103827604202.gif再加“立”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309103846678840.gif（站直）另造“端”代替，表示老人拄杖直立。造字本义：动词，老人借着拐杖站直、站稳。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815922008.png将篆文字形中的“立”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309103846678840.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815449404.png，将篆文字形中的“耑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/9/20200309104042697160.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104815314424.png。作为动词时，古籍多以“端”代替“耑”。附一文言版《説文解字》：端，直也。从立，耑聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：端，站直。字形采用“立”作边旁，采用“耑”作声旁。

2辄：耴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示经常抓摸耳垂。輒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605644926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605711124.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605750404.png（車）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605274687.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605302400.png（耴，经常抓摸耳垂），比喻经常抓扶车箱边上的扶杆。造字本义：动词，古人在动荡的车上，时不时习惯性地抓扶车箱边上的扶杆。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605770206.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605750404.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605691633.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605302400.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605414441.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“辄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605242162.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“車”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605691633.png简化成“车”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104605506892.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：輒，車兩輢也。从車，耴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：辄，车箱左右可以凭倚的木板。字形采用“车”作边旁，采用“耴”作声旁。

3随：隋，既是声旁也是形旁，是“墮”的省略，表示坠崖。隨，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125335576735.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046235140.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125342281779.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046938044.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125348184254.gif（隋，是“坠”的异体字，抛崖天葬），表示跟进入葬，即活体陪葬。造字本义：动词，生者跟着死者陪葬。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125403480245.gif将篆文字形中的“隋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125348184254.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125913143315.gif，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125342281779.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125924604415.gif，《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“随”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046187386.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125933118755.gif，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125913143315.gif简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620010132462999.gif。　附一文言版《説文解字》：隨，从也。从辵，data:image/png;base64,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省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：随，跟从。字形采用“辵”作边旁，省略了“土”的“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

4疆：“畕”是“畺”的本字；“畺”是“彊”的本字；“彊”是“疆”的本字；“疅”是“畺”的异体字；“壃”是“疅”的异体字。畕，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/2/4/20230204100319604252.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411652262.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/2/4/20230204100328586674.gif（田，借代封建的领地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411319548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/2/4/20230204100335357117.gif（田，借代封建的领地），表示交错的领地之间的边界。当“畕”成为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083059634870.gif再在两个“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083118475660.gif（封建领地）外边各加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083133945385.gif另造“畺”代替，强调领地的外围地带、领地的边界。当“畺”成为单纯字件后，楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083814115687.gif再加“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127085611300522.gif（封建领地）另造“疅”代替。当“疅”字偏废后，篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083709243633.gif再加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083738994109.gif（大地）代替“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127085611300522.gif（封建领地）另造“壃”代替，强调边境地带的“广袤大地”含义。当各诸侯国将战争作为解决边界纷争的常态手段后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083150332840.gif再加“弓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083157415161.gif（借代武器、武力）另造“彊”代替，强调边境的国防属性。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083523446042.gif将甲骨文字形中的“畕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127101203464803.gif“畺”写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083539795031.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083750948537.gif将金文字形中的“畺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083539795031.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127101314967239.gif。“彊”的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083610146510.gif加“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083620926111.gif（山地），表示山地边境。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083549750033.gif加“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127091549795267.gif（山地）、加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127100306764362.gif（大地），表示地广人稀的边境地带。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127083649976130.gif省去繁体金文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/1/27/20230127091549795267.gif，将字形写成“疆”。造字本义：名词，武力护卫的国界、边境地带。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2023/2/5/20230205025421997095.gif承续篆文字形。古籍多以“疆”代替“畕”、“畺”、“疅”、“壃”和“彊”。附一文言版《説文解字》：畺，界也。从畕；三，其界畫也。疆，畺或从彊土。
附二白话版《说文解字》：畺，国界。字形采用“畕”作边旁，三，表示边界的划线。疆，这是“畺”的异体字，字形采用“彊、土”会义。

5匡：“匚”是“匩”的本字；“匡”是“匩”的异体字；而“匡”是“筐”的本字。匚，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021504862819.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021504414395.png是象形字，字形像竹子揉曲成的筐子，容量大致为一斗。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021504645375.png将空心的竹子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021504862819.png写成单线。当“匚”成为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022315287.png再加“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022404170.png（羊糕，小动物）另造“匩”代替，表示用来装羊糕的竹筐，以免羊糕乱跑逸失。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022857660.png将甲骨文字形中的“匚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022965122.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022188076.png，并用“㞷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022553058.png（“往”，前行）代替甲骨文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022404170.png（羊糕，小动物），强调防止小动物乱跑的竹筐。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022149667.png将“匚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022188076.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022202210.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022218064.png承续简体金文字形。隶化后楷书“匩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809013349495982.gif误将篆文字形中的“㞷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022022419605.png（往）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809013420262577.gif。楷书异体字“匡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809013758274925.gif将“㞷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809013420262577.gif（往）简写成“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/9/20200809013805237144.gif。造字本义：名词，防止小动物乱跑逸失的竹筐。当“匩”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/8/20200808074116815388.gif再加“竹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/8/20200808074129192700.gif另造“𥮟”（楷书异体字简写成“筐”）代替。作为名词，古籍多以“筐”代替“匡”。附一文言版《説文解字》：匩，飲器，筥也。从匚，㞷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：匡，盛饭用具，竹箱。字形采用“匚”作边旁，采用“㞷”作声旁。

6极：及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓住。极，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514752379.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514711785.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/10/20211210032842484601.gif（木，械具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514987690.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/17/20201117021712113028.gif（及，抓住），表示起控制作用的器械。造字本义：名词，绑在马背或驴背上的木架子，方便载物或插、挂物件。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514277176.png将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/10/20211210032842484601.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514631640.png，将篆文字形中的“及”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/17/20201117021712113028.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514908817.png。古籍有时假借“极”代替同音的“極”。《汉字简化方案》用“极”合并简化“極”。附一文言版《説文解字》：极，驢上負也。从木，及聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：极，绑驴背上用以载物的木架。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“及”作声旁。

7鲜：鮮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114220683858.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348881803.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114228717009.gif（羊，借代深山旷野中的野生动物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348469105.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114240880241.gif（魚，借代江河湖海中的野生水产），表示深山旷野中的牛羊等野生动物、及江河湖海中的鱼虾野生等水产。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114251772864.gif将金文的上下结构，调整成左右结构，将金文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114228717009.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114314279453.gif，将金文字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114240880241.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114302529052.gif。造字本义：形容词，野生动物或野生鱼虾水产熬煮的膏汤，带给人的口味清新美妙的享受状态。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348927109.png将篆文字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114302529052.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348659633.png，将篆文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114314279453.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348201459.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“鲜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348657690.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348659633.png简化成“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348192633.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：鮮，魚名。出貉國。从魚，羴省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：鲜，一种鱼的名称。出产于貉国。字形采用“鱼”作边旁，用省略了两个“羊”的“羴”作声旁。

8微：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/22/20210622013100237037.gif”是“微”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/22/20210622013100237037.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040983211.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040971252.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040683714.png（長，长发的老人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040720759.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040849738.png（手执棍杖），表示老人拄杖而行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040432153.png承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文“微”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040956953.png加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040301207.png（行进），强调行进。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040122334.png大体综合了金文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/22/20210622012413247504.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040432153.png和https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040956953.png的字形，将金文字形中的老人形象“長”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040412000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040574461.png。造字本义：动词，老人拄杖缓行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040655711.png将篆文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040479744.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040246917.png，将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/22/20210622012413247504.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040173451.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040888148.png。古籍多以“微”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/22/20210622013100237037.gif”。附一文言版《説文解字》：微，隱行也。从彳，data:image/png;base64,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聲。《春秋傳》曰：“白公其徒微之。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：微，隐藏身份，悄悄行进。字形采用“彳”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。《春秋传》上说：“白公的门徒将他的尸体隐匿在山上。”

9舒：予，既是声旁也是形旁，是“紓”的省略，表示宽缓的、宽松的、缓和的。舒，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121420606245.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739261893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121420440275.png（舍，简易客店）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739313592.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/4/20200104121420133581.png（吕，两个“口”，多窗多间的建筑），表示多窗多间的、宽敞的简易建筑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021051346354.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739261893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021133573910.gif（舍，简易客店）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739313592.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021124547157.gif（予，即“紓”的省略，宽松、缓和），表示宽松的建筑。造字本义：名词，居住得心情顺畅的宽敞建筑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021141178323.gif将篆文字形中的“舍”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021133573910.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021148233048.gif将篆文字形中的“予”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021124547157.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/3/20200803021159508456.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：舒，伸也。从舍，从予，予亦聲。一曰舒，緩也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：舒，伸展。字形采用“舍、予”会义，同时“予”也作声旁。另一种说法认为，“舒”是和缓的意思。

10弥：“爾”是“彌”的本字。尔，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040191467.png、金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040633058.png像多箭齐发的弓弩。当“爾”的“集发弓弩”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040326866.png再加“弓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040240996.png另造“彌”代替；https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040779618.png是对https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040633058.png的误写。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040684985.png加“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040518387.png（箭耙），强调射击。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040871914.png用“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040833588.png代替金文字形中的“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040518387.png。造字本义：动词，将多箭弓弩的所有箭位装满。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040666853.png省去篆文字形中的“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040833588.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040384568.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040428781.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040786242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040735649.png。俗体楷书“弥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040761598.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“爾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040735649.png简化成“尔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111040928256.png。作为动词，古籍多以“彌”代替“爾”。附一文言版《説文解字》：彌，弛弓也。从弓，璽聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：弥，放松弓弦。字形采用“弓”作边旁，采用“尔”作声旁。

11卷：“釆”是“龹”的本字；“龹”是“卷”本字；“卷”是“捲”的本字。釆，既是声旁也是形旁，是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358202317.png”的本字。釆，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358800281.png是指事字，四点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358593789.png代表零散的食物，“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358885529.png是“又”的简写，表示抓取，整个字形表示用手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358885529.png直接抓取食物https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358593789.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358333515.png将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358885529.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358630201.png，以区别于“十”。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358347053.png将金文字形中的四点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358993175.png省略成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358120363.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358664402.png承续金文字形。当“釆”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358645863.png在“釆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358664402.png的基础上再加双手“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358766076.png另造“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358202317.png”代替，表示用双手抓食。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358202317.png”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358571145.png在“龹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358645863.png的基础上再加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358853717.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358189279.png（人）另造“卷”代替。造字本义：动词，将米饭揉压扁平并捲成圆筒形，方便旅途或劳作于野外时抓食。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358429908.png将篆文字形中的“釆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358777264.png和“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358556756.png连写成不知所云的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358145580.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358141055.png，将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358189279.png写成“卷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104358273359.png。当“卷”的本义消失后，篆文再加“手”另造“捲”代替。古籍多以“卷”代替“龹”和“捲”。附一文言版《説文解字》：卷，厀曲也。从卪、龹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：卷，膝部弯曲。字形采用“卪”作边旁，采用“龹”作声旁。

12盈：“夃”和“盈”是“盈”的异体字。益，既是声旁也是形旁，是“溢”的本字，表示器皿中水满外流。盈，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148292295.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148448761.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148420767.png（两个人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148754524.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148498666.png（益，即“溢”），表示两人进入浴缸后，缸内的水满出。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148452161.png用“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148362545.png（趾，双脚）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148518469.png，强调人站在装满水的浴缸里。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148821892.png用“太”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148136694.png（即“汰”，淘洗）代替“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148362545.png（趾，双脚）。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148412041.png综合甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148292295.png和甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148452161.png两款字形，并将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148518469.png误写成“乃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148703967.png，将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148362545.png写成“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148965373.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148926395.png承续金文字形。篆文异体字“夃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148597589.png省去“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148555526.png。造字本义：动词，人进浴缸，缸水满溢。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148622185.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148357995.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148498329.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148782698.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148510663.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148395751.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148190427.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148269713.png误将正体楷书字形中的“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148510663.png（止）写成“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148453821.png。而印刷体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148580528.png又误将俗体楷书字形中的“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148453821.png写成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148894240.png（用手抓），以致字形费解。楷书异体字“夃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148270443.png省去“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148190427.png。楷书异体字“盈盈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148137517.png将“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148894240.png写成“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105148414291.png。古籍多以“盈”代替“夃”和“盈”。附一文言版《説文解字》：盈，滿器也。从皿、夃。
附二白话版《说文解字》：盈，液体装满盛器。字形采用“皿、夃”会义。

13情：青，既是声旁也是形旁，是“倩”的省略，表示漂亮。情，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200963316.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200877662.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200950347.png（心，意愿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200278898.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200439926.png（青，即“倩”的省略，漂亮），表示美意。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200678038.png将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200950347.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/21/20221121072544507631.gif，将金文字形中的“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105200439926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/29/20211129081818735531.gif。造字本义：名词，痴心，美意。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/21/20221121072814635940.gif将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/21/20221121072544507631.gif写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/21/20221121073003160500.gif，将篆文字形中的“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/29/20211129081818735531.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/21/20221121073228269412.gif。丽水为“清”，丽日为“晴”，美言为“请”，美意为“情”。附一文言版《説文解字》：情，人之陰气有欲者。从心，青聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：情，内心有所欲求的隐性动力。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“青”作声旁。

二、翻译事物信息掌握得不全面，人是无法了解它的；天地神明创造了万物，又永恒地推动着万物的变化和演化；以无形应有形，依敌情设计出针对性的克制策略；不事先制定，根据事情的变化而制定。将领如果能够以奇用兵，他必然能够天下无敌，为我方的君主征服敌国，进而能一统天下，威服四海。所以说几乎没有将军不贪求用强的，很少将领能够做到以奇用兵；若是能守住不可形不可见不可识，则能以免各种意外而生。圣人延续守微，动辄必应可胜之机。动则横扫天下无可抵挡，静则存于心中深不可识；这种用兵致胜的神器，不用像个宝贝那样用宅室把它藏起来，别人来抢也不用建立城墙来保卫它。圣人把它茂在自己的心里，以此用兵就可以使敌国屈服。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-21 23:03:39

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-21 23:41 编辑

2023.02.21 星期二第一周第3天原文：《军谶》曰：“能柔能刚，其国弥光；能弱能强，其国弥彰；纯柔纯弱，其国必削；纯刚纯强，其国必亡。”夫为国之道，恃贤与民。信贤如腹心，使民如四肢，则策无遗。所适如肢体相随，骨节相救；天道自然，其巧无间。军国之要，察众心，施百务。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1彰：“章”是“彰”的本字。章，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208528350.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208521205.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208438304.png（辛，带木柄的刻刀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208443929.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208739647.png（囗，木、石的圆形横截面），表示用刻刀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208438304.png在圆形的木、石横截面https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208739647.png上刻划姓名或标识性的文字，沾上红色印泥后，可以印在高级文件或书画作品的结尾位置，作为个人特有地位或身份的醒目标识。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208441055.png在圆圈https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208739647.png内加一横指事符号，将圆形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208739647.png写成“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208749052.png，表示在圆形的木、石横截面上刻划图文。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208122456.png加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208310174.png（抓持），强调手持https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208310174.png刻刀https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208414058.png在或圆或方的木、石截面https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208519219.png上刻划姓名、称号等文字。当“章”的动词本义“刻印标识身份”消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208677930.png再加“彡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208466193.png（印泥的醒目红彩）另造“彰”代替。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208386750.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，在圆柱形的木、石截面上刻划姓名、称号等文字，沾上红色印泥，印在高级文件或书画作品的结尾位置，在白纸黑墨的文件背景上，以红色印痕突显个人的姓名或身份。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208412641.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208346006.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105208348725.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：彰，文彰也。从彡，从章，章亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：彰，彩色的纹案鲜明夺目。字形采用“彡、章”会义，“章”也是声旁。

2削：肖，既是声旁也是形旁，表示相像。削，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105723474390.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724342165.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724711021.png（肖，相像）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724246298.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724510067.png（刀，刮切、剔刻），表示用刀具刮切、剔刻，以仿造出形似的某物。造字本义：动词，用刀在物体表面刮切、剔刻，使所加工之物与仿造物相象。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724473155.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724711021.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724486461.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724510067.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724812504.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：削，鞞也。一曰析也。从刀，肖聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：削，套刀套剑的皮壳。一种说法认为，“削”是分割。字形采用“刀”作边旁，采用“肖”作声旁。

3亡：亡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606141039.png是指事字，字形在“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606695195.png的手部位置加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png，表示手持盾、甲之类的护具作掩护。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606183665.png误将反写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606846935.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606413676.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606159638.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606253329.png，将甲骨文字形中表示盾甲的一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606309304.png写成折笔的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606433688.png，强调盾甲的抵挡、护卫作用。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606373549.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，战败的士兵手举盾甲逃命。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606729795.png承续篆文字形。晚期隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606501491.png变形，将“人”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606660658.png写成一点一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104606705103.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：亡，逃也。从入，从∟。凡亡之屬皆从亡。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亡，逃跑。字形采用“入、∟”会义。所有与亡相关的字，都采用“亡”作边旁。

4恃：寺，既是声旁也是形旁，即“持”，表示拥有。恃，古鈢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717944820.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717210567.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717517015.png（心，心理）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717363843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717368506.png（寺，即“持”的省略，拥有），表示内心有所操持。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717413466.png承续古鈢字形。造字本义：动词，心里有所依仗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717961788.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717463922.png写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717268215.png，将篆文字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717563388.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104717699035.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：恃，賴也。从心，寺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恃，信赖。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

5贤：“臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343949450.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，把控），表示管理官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（钱财，借代国家或地方政府的财政）另造“賢”代替，表示管理官吏与财政。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，德才超群，善于管理人才与财政，富国强民。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343547289.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。古籍多以“贤”代替“臤”。古人称大臣善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

6信：“信”是“訫”的异体字。心，既是声旁也是形旁，表示内心、真情。信，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015521218686.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207393263.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015532635450.gif（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023207481455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015543587718.gif（心，内心真情），表示说真心话（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015543587718.gif是“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015553328599.gif的竖写）。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104823971102.gif用“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104903676225.gif（数量巨大）代替“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015543587718.gif，表示用千言万语保证自己所说话语的真实可靠。有的金文异体字“㐰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104805882681.gif用“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104937550428.gif代替“千”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104903676225.gif，用“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104953623315.gif代替“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015532635450.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110222832891.gif综合两款金文字形，将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401104937550428.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110309257067.gif，将金文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401015532635450.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110318346689.gif。造字本义：动词，许诺，发誓。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110328362957.gif将籀文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110309257067.gif写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110336931828.gif，将籀文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110318346689.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/1/20220401110343483594.gif。古籍多以“信”代替“訫”和“㐰”。古籍常“诚信”并称，“诚”表示实现诺言，说到做到，侧重表达个人自律修养；“信”表示言而有衷，真诚可靠，侧重表达社交中的诺言责任。附一文言版《説文解字》：信，誠也。从人，从言。會意。㐰，古文从言省。訫，古文信。
附二白话版《说文解字》：信，诚实不欺。字形采用“人、言”会义，是会义字。㐰，这是古文写法的“信”，采用有所省略的“言”作边旁。訫，这是古文写法的“信”字。

7腹：“腹”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518105029832452.gif”的异体字。复，既是声旁也是形旁，表示再次、多次。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518105029832452.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518065028932205.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104508831848.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518065041728439.gif（身，挺着肚子的孕妇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104508595341.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518065049762188.gif（复，再次、多次），表示反复多次孕育婴儿的妇女之躯，即子宫所在的“肚子”。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518105029832452.gif”从本义“孕妇之躯”扩大引申为“肚子”之后，甲骨文异体字“腹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072135839979.gif用“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072143112587.gif（人体）代替“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518065041728439.gif（孕妇），表示一般人体的肚子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072202836511.gif将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072143112587.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072250408364.gif，将甲骨文字形中的“复”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072242801345.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072300199734.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020725488274.gif将金文字形中的“复”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072300199734.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020758392474.gif，并用“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020752375927.gif代替金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518072250408364.gif，强调“腹”是容易蓄肥屯脂的部位。造字本义：名词，人体胸腔与骨盆之间容易蓄肥屯脂的部位，俗称“肚子”，也是妇女怀胎的子宫所在部位。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020848936391.gif将篆文字形中的“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020752375927.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020821278591.gif，将篆文字形中的“复”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020758392474.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/29/20210329020829109731.gif。古籍多以“腹”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/18/20210518105029832452.gif”。附一文言版《説文解字》：腹，厚也。从肉，复聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：腹，厚实。字形采用“肉”作边旁，采用“复”作声旁。

8使：“史”是“使”的本字；“吏”、“事”与“史”同源。史，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031750356944.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411867008.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031759930292.gif（中，四方与他国毗邻、地处诸国之间的国家）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411410422.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031806645145.gif（又，执、持），表示大使手持旌节护照，出使他国。远古时代以族旗或国旗为跨界出行的护照。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411961985.png将国旗“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031759930292.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411646788.png，导致字形晦涩。有的简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411384154.png则进一步将国旗“中”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411646788.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023411387225.png。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031834529739.gif承续繁体甲骨文字形。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031855715172.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/21/20210421031906515100.gif承续简体甲骨文字形。当“史”的动词本义“出使”消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422021220297317.gif加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422021237540413.gif（受派遣官员）另造“使”代替，强调外交官员的职责。造字本义：动词，外交官手持旌节护照，奉命与邻国谈判，记录划定的国界，完成传之后世的文件。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422022608568254.gif将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422021237540413.gif写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422022638864967.gif，将篆文字形中的“吏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422021734313094.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/22/20210422022646384947.gif。作为动词“外交官出国谈判”时，古籍多以“使”代替“史”。附一文言版《説文解字》：使，伶也。从人，吏聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：使，摆布，命令。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“吏”作声旁。

9策：朿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刺”的本字，表示棘刺。策，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359380018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359397749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png（“竹”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359860088.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png（朿，棘刺），表示竹鞭。造字本义：名词，用来刺激、驱赶马匹的竹鞭。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359834391.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359859068.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359185499.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359521033.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：策，馬箠也。从竹，朿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：策，赶马的竹鞭。字形采用“竹”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。

10遗：貴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示价值高的。遺，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140472075.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140335191.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140168818.png（彳，前行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140569545.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140770684.png（貴，价值高的），表示持有价值的好东西前往赠送他人。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140537583.png以“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140643956.png（行进）代替“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140168818.png，强调“前往”含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140725886.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，双手持贝，前往馈赠。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140984032.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140293590.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140185271.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140594177.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140506521.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“遗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140918524.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140506521.png简化成“贵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111140645079.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：遺，亾也。从辵，貴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：遗，丢失。字形采用“辵”作边旁，采用“贵”作声旁。

11随：隋，既是声旁也是形旁，是“墮”的省略，表示坠崖。隨，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125335576735.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046235140.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125342281779.gif（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046938044.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125348184254.gif（隋，是“坠”的异体字，抛崖天葬），表示跟进入葬，即活体陪葬。造字本义：动词，生者跟着死者陪葬。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125403480245.gif将篆文字形中的“隋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125348184254.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125913143315.gif，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125342281779.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125924604415.gif，《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“随”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111046187386.png，省去正体楷书字形中的“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125933118755.gif，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620125913143315.gif简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/20/20210620010132462999.gif。　附一文言版《説文解字》：隨，从也。从辵，data:image/png;base64,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省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：随，跟从。字形采用“辵”作边旁，省略了“土”的“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

12救：求，既是声旁也是形旁，表示力图、努力实现。救，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538846631.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538952606.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538227783.png（求，力图、努力实现）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538955607.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538243527.png（攴，持械打击），表示极力打击。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538657291.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，极力打击，力图阻止。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538164118.png将篆文字形中的“求”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538461754.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538379305.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538516426.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111538708674.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：救，止也。从攴，求聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：救，禁止。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“求”作声旁。

13察：察，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803654665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803274297.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803821900.png（宀，庙宇）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803239623.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803984739.png（祭，祭祀），表示在庙宇进行的祭祀活动。造字本义：动词，审视、细究祭祀时显示的神迹。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803304660.png将篆文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803821900.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803276847.png，将篆文字形中的“祭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803984739.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105803800664.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：察，覆也。一说“复审也”。从宀、祭聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：察，屋檐向下覆盖。另一种说法是“反复审视”。字形采用“宀”作边旁，采用“祭”作声旁。

14适：啻，既是声旁也是形旁，表示最高话语权。適，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042259153.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042433601.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042849444.png（帝，即“啻”的省略，最高话语权）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042986214.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042243417.png（辵，前行），表示尊令而行。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042658269.png将文字字形中的“帝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042849444.png写成“啻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042459091.png，将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042243417.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/9/29/20220929024711632672.gif。造字本义：动词，古代诸侯国按最高人才标准精选出的贡士，遵令往赴中央朝廷。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042349283.png将篆文字形中的“啻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042459091.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042897966.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/9/29/20220929024711632672.gif写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042930885.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“适”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042649337.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“啻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042897966.png简化成“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042742272.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：適，之也。从辵，啻聲。適，宋魯語。
附二白话版《说文解字》：适，前往。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“啻”作声旁。适，这是宋鲁方言对“之”的说法。

二、翻译《军谶》说：“用德与用兵并行不悖，能永保其正国家持续昌盛；德服与威服并重，这样才能保持对天下的绝对统治；只用德，正不能压邪，国家必然走向衰弱；只用刚强，国家迟早会走向灭亡。”。君主治理国家，心里有所依仗贤与民。对待贤臣是真诚可靠的，对待民众如同是用自己的四肢一样，君臣民三位一体政策就能不会有遗漏。这样君主治理国家就会像四肢和躯干一样跟从，各个关节一样互相照应；天地万物互相之间的结合和协作是自然而然的精巧绝妙。治军治国的重点，细究敌我的军心军情作精准分析和判断，并制定适宜的计谋并进行部署。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-22 22:56:13

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-22 23:30 编辑

2023.02.22 星期三第一周第4天原文：危者安之，惧者欢之，叛者还之，怨者原之，诉者察之，卑者贵之，强者抑之，敌者残之，贪者丰之，欲者使之，畏者隐之，谋者近之，谗者覆之，毁者复之，反者废之，横者挫之，满者损之，归者招之，服者居之，降者脱之，获固守之，获阨塞之，获难屯之，获城割之，获地裂之，获财散之。敌动伺之，敌近备之，敌强下之，敌佚去之，敌陵待之，敌暴绥之，敌悖义之，敌睦携之。顺举挫之，因势破之，放言过之，四网罗之。得而勿有，居而勿富士康，拔而勿久，立而勿取。为者则己，有者则士。焉知利之所在？彼为诸侯，己在天子，使城自保，令士自处。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1危：危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，登山者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

2服：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”是“服”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456134144.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456872276.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456990297.png（人，罪人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456103176.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456340109.png（又，抓捕、控制），表示抓捕罪犯。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456537159.png再加“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（方形木枷）另造“服”代替，强调抓捕罪犯，并用刑枷加以控制。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456225814.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456987742.png误将“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（木枷）写成“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456373992.png将金文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png，将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456349838.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png。造字本义：动词，抓捕战俘或罪犯，强制上枷，使之屈从。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456127232.png误将篆文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456873142.png，将篆文字形的“人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png”写成“卪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456411888.png，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456813969.png写成“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456740293.png，以致字形面目全非。古籍多以“服”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”。附一文言版《説文解字》：服，用也。一曰車右騑，所以舟旋。从舟，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文服字，从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：服，使用、役使。一种说法认为，“服”是马车右边的骖马，以便马车可以向右周旋。字形采用“舟”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“服”字，字形采用“人”作边旁。

3降：夅，既是声旁也是形旁，字形是倒写的“步”，表示往下走。降，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025989975.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025666792.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025873831.png（阜，盘山石阶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025687767.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025967609.png（夅，倒写的“步”），表示沿着山路石阶往下走。造字本义：动词，从山顶往山下走。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025621775.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025203782.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025107608.png将金文字形中的“步”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025297166.png写成“夅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025409010.png。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025431974.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025102734.png写成“左耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020025651212.png。上山叫“陟”，下山叫“降”。附一文言版《説文解字》：降，下也。从data:image/png;base64,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，夅聲。　
附二白话版《说文解字》：降，下山。字形采用“左耳旁”（阜）作边旁，采用“夅”作声旁。

4脱：兑，既是声旁也是形旁，表示对换、置换。脱，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453500228.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453427895.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453724101.png（肉，兽肉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453893429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453729916.png（兑，对换，置换），表示置换兽肉。造字本义：动词，剔去兽肉中的骨头。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453490501.png将篆文字形中的“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453724101.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453398789.png，将篆文字形中的“兑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453729916.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104453107741.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：脱，消肉臞也。从肉，兌聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：脱，消去其肉而显瘦弱。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“兑”作声旁。

5获：“隻”是“蒦”的本字；而“蒦”是“穫”和“獲”的本字。隻，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/16/20221116094303890826.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104341536627.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/16/20221116094312362944.gif（隹，鸟雀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104341425489.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/16/20221116094319436417.gif（又，抓持），表示捕获一只鸟。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/16/20221116094331418078.gif承续甲骨文字形。当“隻”的“捕获”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117071708440169.gif再加“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117071731950186.gif（植物，借代农作物）另造“蒦”代替，表示驯化并耕种植物而收获粮食；当“蒦”的“收获”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117071822900323.gif再加“禾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117071832572854.gif（庄稼）另造“穫”代替，强调因耕作稻菽等庄稼而收获粮食。而篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117072014553750.gif则加“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117072042867599.gif（狩猎）另造“獲”（获）代替，表示因狩猎或农耕而得到食物。造字本义：动词，因狩猎或农耕而得到食物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021940828057.png将篆文字形中的“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117072042867599.gif写成“反犬旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021940267007.png，将篆文字形中的“蒦”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/11/17/20221117080556890465.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021940652901.png。古籍多以“獲”代替“隻”、“蒦”和“穫”。《汉字简化方案》用“获”简化“獲”，并合作代替“穫”。附一文言版《説文解字》：獲，獵所獲也。从犬，蒦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：获，捕猎所获的禽兽。字形采用“犬”作边旁，采用“蒦”作声旁。

6敌：啇，既是声旁也是形旁，与“啻”同源，表示最高话语权。敵，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654471583.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654985887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654896013.png（啇，最高话语权）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654133880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654294412.png（攴，持械打击），表示拒绝权威，武装对抗。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654405860.png将籀文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654896013.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654698640.png，将籀文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654294412.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654578989.png。造字本义：动词，拒绝权威，武装对抗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654246429.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654698640.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654343835.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654578989.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654476546.png。简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654385024.png依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“啇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654343835.png简化成“舌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104654691477.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：敵，仇也。从攴，啻聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敌，仇恨者。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“啻”作声旁。

7陵：陵，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044459785923.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917610356.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044516910145.gif（人，登山者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917785500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044525491666.gif（止，即“趾”，借代脚板）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917785500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044537166688.gif（阜，盘山石阶），表示踏着石阶上行登山。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405062626596842.gif省略“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044525491666.gif，用“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405062747143566.gif（成年人）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044516910145.gif。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045826729831.gif将“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405044537166688.gif简化成齿状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045846187429.gif，将登山者https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405062747143566.gif写成一脚蹬地一脚高抬https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045836747939.gif的登山姿势。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045924216524.gif加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045950914915.gif（用手抓），表示手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045950914915.gif、脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405063807487187.gif并用，攀登陡直的山岩。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050024362436.gif加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050049278302.gif（山地），表示在石阶或土路上攀登；将甲骨文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045836747939.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050109356028.gif，将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045857865562.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050119305141.gif，将甲骨文字形中的攀登形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405045907142132.gif上下重叠成“夌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050059732136.gif，导致字形费解。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050131319601.gif省去金文字形中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050049278302.gif，将金文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050040101214.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050142716343.gif，将金文字形中的“夌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050059732136.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050154593648.gif。造字本义：动词，拾阶而上，登上高山。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917820575.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050142716343.gif写成“左耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917815559.png；将篆文字形中的“夌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/5/20200405050154593648.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015917178060.png。当“陵”的“登山”本义消失后，后人用同音字“凌”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：陵，大data:image/png;base64,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也。从data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAOAQMAAADOsQSRAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLm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附二白话版《说文解字》：陵，高大的山阜。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，采用“夌”作声旁。

8绥：妥，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205885033.png、金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205905845.png表示男子压制反抗的女子。当“妥”的“压制女子”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205128669.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205600934.png（糸，绑）另造“綏”代替。造字本义：动词，捆绑女奴，阻止反抗。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205735534.png将篆文字形中的“糸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205600934.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205249301.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205999068.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205507428.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“绥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205624365.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205249301.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205298483.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：綏，車中把也。从糸，从妥。
附二白话版《说文解字》：绥，车上用以拉手上车的绳索。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“妥”作声旁。

9悖：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712971635.png”是“誖”和“悖”的本字，“悖”是“誖”的异体字。或，既是声旁也是形旁，是“惑”的省略，表示困惑不解。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712971635.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712515418.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712117482.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712745709.png（或，即“惑”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712881698.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712164393.png（或，即“惑”），表示两惑对立，理无出口。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712895273.png将甲骨文字形中的上下结构调整成左右结构。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712493921.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712505867.png另造“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712820550.png形、“孛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712245424.png声的形声字代替，强调怪谬而难以言表。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712409312.png则写成“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712926794.png形、“孛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712245424.png声的形声字，强调怪谬而难以思辨。造字本义：形容词，两惑对立纠缠，无论怎样去思考它或表述它，都会陷入自相矛盾的怪谬之中。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712273749.png楷书将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712926794.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712962240.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712245424.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104712150764.png。“誖”与“悖”同源近义，古籍多以“悖”代替“誖”。附一文言版《説文解字》：誖，亂也。从言，孛聲。悖，誖或从心。籀文data:image/png;base64,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从二或。
附二白话版《说文解字》：誖，悖乱。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“孛”作声旁。悖，这是“誖”的异体字，采用“心”作边旁。“誖”的籀文写作“”data:image/png;base64,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，采用两个“或”会义。

10顺：川，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水流。順，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125444832971.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155402416.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125453413017.gif（川，水流）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155991203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125459822593.gif（見，即“頁”的简写，头脑，借代思虑），表示思绪舒畅如流。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125509608270.gif承续甲骨文字形。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125517343303.gif用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125526643189.gif代替“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125459822593.gif，表示心情舒畅。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125535599982.gif将金文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125751298238.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125719354961.gif。造字本义：形容词，心情舒畅如流，没有郁结。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125654102211.gif将篆文字形中的“川”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125710849334.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125629620873.gif，将篆文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125719354961.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125637754698.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“顺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155347507.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125637754698.gif简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155859597.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：順，理也。从頁，从巛。
附二白话版《说文解字》：顺，梳理，使有序。字形采用“页、巛”会义。

11举：“舉”是“擧”的异体字。余，既是声旁也是形旁，表示简易建筑。擧，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051715232784.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104347719208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051729372780.gif（余，简易建筑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104347215958.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051739607015.gif（才，房柱、房梁）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104347215958.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051749622692.gif（两个人），表示众人将房梁托起，架在房柱上。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051814944823.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104347719208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051759170435.gif（围绕物体四周的四只手）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104347215958.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051824681871.gif（像用绳子捆绑加固的巨大物体），表示众人七手八脚地将巨大而沉重的物体托起。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051833666624.gif省去绳子捆绑的重物形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051824681871.gif，强调众人的手的合力运作。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051903480263.gif将金文字形中四只手形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051833666624.gif写成“與”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051956543331.gif，同时再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052043171294.gif，表示众人参与，用手共同抬或托。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052122419590.gif将篆文字形中的“與”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930051956543331.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052150430532.gif，将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052043171294.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052218517386.gif。楷书异体字“舉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052417466770.gif将“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052218517386.gif简写成“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052430145875.gif。造字本义：动词，众人合力，用手托起重物。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“举”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104349849404.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“與”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/30/20200930052150430532.gif简写成了“兴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104349447636.png。古籍多以“舉”代替“擧”。附一文言版《説文解字》：擧，對舉也。从手，與聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：举，两手相对，同时举起。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“與”作声旁。

12破：皮，既是声旁也是形旁，表示手持器械治理兽革。破，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903583308.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903734654.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903560498.png（岩石）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903173534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903813739.png（皮，剥皮），表示将大的石块切开。造字本义：动词，将开采的石块切开，加工成有用石材。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903675826.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903560498.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903626858.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903813739.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903748180.png。“段”是开采石材，“破”是加工石材。附一文言版《説文解字》：破，石碎也。从石，皮聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：破，石头碎裂。字形采用“石”作边旁，采用“皮”作声旁。

13裂：列，既是声旁也是形旁，表示肢解酷刑。裂，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753318651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753526571.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753879294.png（列，肢解）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753497422.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753148813.png（衣，服装），表示撕扯衣服。造字本义：动词，将完好的衣服撕碎，与“缝”相反。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753130452.png将篆文字形中的“列”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753879294.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753604491.png，将篆文字形中的“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753148813.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105753882603.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：裂，繒餘也。从衣，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：裂，缯帛的余料。字形采用“衣”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

二、翻译处于危险之中的人要让他安心安定下来，内心惶恐畏惧的人要让他欢心起来，离乡逃亡的要加以招还，含怨的要予以解开，上告申诉的要调查清楚，对下属要加以提拔，骄兵悍将要加以抑制，与我为敌的要加以清除，贪图钱财的要厚给赏赐，自愿效力的要予以任用，怕人揭短的要替其隐讳，善于谋划的要与之亲近，爱进谗言的要弃之不用，诋毁之言要反复核实，反叛之人要坚决消灭。蛮横之人要挫其锋芒，骄傲自满的就要警告，愿意归顺的要招徕之，已被征服的要给予安置，战败投降的要给予宽大。占领了坚固的地方要注意守卫，占领了险隘的地方要加以阻塞，占领了难以攻打的地方要驻兵把守，占领了城邑要分赏有功之臣，占领了土地要分封出力之士，获得了财物要赏赐给众人。敌人行动要密切监视，敌人接近就要严加防备，敌人强大要卑而骄之，敌人安逸要引而避之，敌人盛气凌人要有待其衰，敌人凶暴要暂时退却，敌人悖逆要伸张正义，敌人和睦要分化离间。顺应敌人的行动来失败它，利用敌人的情势来击破它，散布假情报以造成敌人的过失，四面包围将其歼灭。胜利时不要将功劳归于自己，获得财物不要自己独占，攻打城池不要旷日持久，立其国之人为君而不要取而代之。决策出于自己，功劳归于将士，哪里知道这才是真正的大利啊！让别人做诸侯，由自己做天子。使他们各保城邑，让他们各自征收财赋。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-23 22:29:27

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-23 22:35 编辑

2023.02.23 星期四第一周第5天原文：世能祖祖，鲜能下下；祖祖为亲，下下为君。下下者，务耕桑，不夺其时；薄赋敛，不匮其财；罕徭役，不使其劳；则国富而家娭，然后选士以司牧之。夫所谓士者，英雄也。故曰：罗其英雄则敌国穷。英雄者，国之干；庶民者，国之本。得其干，收其本，则政行而无怨。夫用兵之要，在崇礼而重䘵。礼崇，则智士至；禄重，则义士轻死。故禄贤不爱财，赏功不逾时，则下力并而敌国削。夫用人之道，尊以爵，赡以财，则士自来；接以礼，励以义，则士死之。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1世：“丗、卋、世”是“卅”的异体字。十，既是声旁也是形旁，表示传统数学进制的满数，九加一之和。卅，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115616149.png是特殊指事字，字形在三道表示“十”的竖线指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115746760.png下面再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115860973.png，表示三个“十”相连相加，三十。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115158078.png在甲骨文字形中的竖笔指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115887371.png上加一圆点指事符号，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115429974.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115454948.png将三竖笔画上的圆点连写成一横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png写成由三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115391895.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115597134.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115714321.png构成的会义字，明确“三十”的含义。隶书“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png将篆文字形中的三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115391895.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115597134.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115714321.png连写成“卅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115769522.png，并在第一个“十”的竖笔上加一折笔，写成“七”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115330878.png。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115434637.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115158078.png：在三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115152230.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115436291.png，表示三个十相加。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115117034.png简化字形，写成三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115962172.png相连的结构。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115680224.png写成一个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115424747.png和一个“廿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115615694.png。由于“卅”的金文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115783011.png误将甲骨文字形中表示三个“十”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115616149.png写成“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115755376.png，“卅”的字形分由此化出篆文的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115948633.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png和篆文的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115190083.png；篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115948633.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png隶化后楷书写成“卅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115117034.png，篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115190083.png未见相应的隶书和楷书字形，隶书字形“世”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115680441.png是隶书字形“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png的演变发展；楷书异体字“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115812126.png是隶书字形“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png的楷化；楷书异体字“卋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115362847.png是隶书字形“卋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115434637.png的楷化。造字本义：数词，三十。古籍多以“世”代替“丗”和“卋”。现代汉语多以双音词“三十”代替单音单字的“卅”。附一文言版《説文解字》：世，三十年爲一世。从卅而曳長之。亦取其聲也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：世，三十年算作一世。字形采用“”作字形根，通过拉长一竖而成。同时也采用作声旁。

2鲜：鮮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114220683858.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348881803.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114228717009.gif（羊，借代深山旷野中的野生动物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348469105.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114240880241.gif（魚，借代江河湖海中的野生水产），表示深山旷野中的牛羊等野生动物、及江河湖海中的鱼虾等野生水产。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114251772864.gif将金文的上下结构，调整成左右结构，将金文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114228717009.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114314279453.gif，将金文字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114240880241.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114302529052.gif。造字本义：形容词，野生动物或野生鱼虾水产熬煮的膏汤，带给人的口味清新美妙的享受状态。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348927109.png将篆文字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114302529052.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348659633.png，将篆文字形中的“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/7/24/20210724114314279453.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348201459.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“鲜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348657690.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“魚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348659633.png简化成“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104348192633.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：鮮，魚名。出貉國。从魚，羴省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：鲜，一种鱼的名称。出产于貉国。字形采用“鱼”作边旁，用省略了两个“羊”的“羴”作声旁。

3下：“丅”是“下”的异体字。下，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/17/20210617030309859013.gif较长，底端的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/17/20210617030317388512.gif较短。古人用一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的顶端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的底端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。籀文异体字“丄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png综合两款金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png，将金文字形顶端https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png的短横的短横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png写成竖线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140180668.png。古籍多以“下”代替“丅”。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。附一文言版《説文解字》：丅，底也。指事。下，篆文丅。
附二白话版《说文解字》：丅，底部。这是指事字。下，篆文写法的“丅”字。

4耕：耕，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020415639164.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416764934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416884011.png（耒，装有排齿的木桩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416967158.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416412649.png（井，井田），表示用耒耙田。造字本义：动词，用齿耙翻地松土，为播种作准备。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416724396.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416884011.png简化成“耒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416533266.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416412649.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020416147432.png。古籍中常“耕耘”并用，“耕”表示用齿耙翻地播种；“耘”表示用齿耙除去庄稼丛中的杂草。附一文言版《説文解字》：耕，犂也。从耒，井聲。一曰古者井田。
附二白话版《说文解字》：耕，犁地。字形采用“耒”作边旁，采用“井”作声旁。一种说法认为，古代农人耕的是井田。

5桑：桑，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356225917.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356914107.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356519643.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356260023.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356271342.png（三个“又”，每根树枝上都有一只手，即大量采集），表示大量采集树叶。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356670208.png将甲骨文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356296610.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356375140.png，将甲骨文字形中连在树枝上的三个“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356271342.png写成独立的“叒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356686589.png。造字本义：动词，大量采集一种嫩树叶，以养蚕造丝。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356583041.png将篆文字形中的“叒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356686589.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356519392.png，将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356512212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021356587144.png。古人常在门前屋后栽种桑树和梓树，桑树可养蚕，梓木轻软耐朽，可供建筑、制作家具和乐器；因此“桑梓”一词，在中国典籍中成为“家园、故里”的借代。附一文言版《説文解字》：桑，蠶所食葉木。从叒、木。
附二白话版《说文解字》：桑，蚕所食用的一种阔叶灌木。字形采用“叒、木”会义。

6薄：溥，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水大、四处漫延。薄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905475695.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905774574.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png（艸，野草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905156146.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905163069.png（溥，漫延），表示草丛漫延生长。造字本义：名词，漫延生长的草丛。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905899606.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905974915.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905319343.png，将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905628186.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020905165751.png。古籍常“菲薄”并用，表示轻视，“菲”指因为芳香不实用而看不起；“薄”表示因为分量不足而轻视。附一文言版《説文解字》：薄，林薄也。一曰蠶薄。从艸，溥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：薄，林中草木丛生。一种说法认为“薄”是蠶薄。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“溥”作声旁。

7崇：宗，既是声旁也是形旁，表示祖源。崇，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045230914.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045218487.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/3/20211203020902831895.gif（山，山脉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045161335.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045979461.png（宗，祖），比喻万山之宗，表示最高大的山脉。造字本义：名词，山之宗，比喻山系中最高耸巍峨的山脉。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045649578.png将篆文字形中的“山”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/3/20211203020902831895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045974034.png，将篆文字形中的“宗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045979461.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020045759948.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：崇，嵬高也。从山，宗聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：崇，山岭巍峨高耸。字形采用“山”作边旁，采用“宗”作声旁。　

8并：“并”是“併”本字。比，既是声旁也是形旁，表示两人站在一起。并，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755198185.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755888160.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755539691.png（比，两人站在一起）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755654277.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755524551.png（二，相等、相同），在两人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755539691.png的腿部位置加“等号”二https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755524551.png，表示两人的站位相同、或步伐一致。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755423059.png将“等号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755524551.png简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755396333.png，表示两人的腿部动作一致。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755306653.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755383382.png将金文字形的混合结构，分拆成左右结构。造字本义：动词，两人比肩而立或齐步平行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755574470.png把篆文字形变成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755573585.png加“开”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755142114.png的结构，导致篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755139249.png形消失、“等号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755164765.png消失。当“并”主要用作虚词之后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755958730.png在“并”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755383382.png的字形基础上再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104755848702.png另造“併”代替，强调人的并列、并行动作。古籍多以“并”代替“併”。“从”是两人一前一后相随；“并”是两人平行。《汉字简化方案》用“并”合并代替“併”、“竝”、“並”。附一文言版《説文解字》：并，相从也。从从，幵聲。一曰从持二为并。
附二白话版《说文解字》：并，相跟随。字形采用“从”作边旁，采用“幵”作声旁。另一种说法认为，“并”是由“从”字带着两个“干”字而构成的。

9赡：詹，既是声旁也是形旁，是“儋”亦即“擔”的省略，表示承担。贍，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116462734.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116971869.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116264249.png（貝，钱财）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116876306.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116637584.png（詹，即“擔”，承担），表示承担钱财费用。造字本义：动词，照顾老人，承担老人的钱财费用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116516967.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116264249.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116788704.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116637584.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116612852.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“赡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116235521.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116788704.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111116523484.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：贍，給也。从貝，詹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：赡，提供生活费。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“詹”作声旁。

10励：“勱”是“勵”的本字。勱，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355488595.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355614150.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355749328.png（萬，“礪”的省略，把刀具磨利）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355432726.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355156091.png（力），表示努力磨利工具。在远古时代，劳动工具、作战器具，直接决定了生产力和战斗力，因此磨利工具极其重要。造字本义：动词，竭力磨利工具。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355265127.png在篆文字形“萬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355749328.png的基础上加“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355714173.png（崖岩）写成“厲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355699729.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“励”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355722360.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“厲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355699729.png简化成“厉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104355705564.png。“勀”是激发自己，“励”是激发他人。附一文言版《説文解字》：勱，勉力也。《周書》曰：“勱相我邦家。”讀若萬。从力，萬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：勱，促使努力。《周书》上说：“相互勉力治理我们的国家。”读音像读“万”字。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“萬”作声旁。

11祖：且”是“刞”、“祖”和“宜”的本字。且，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726745819.png是指事字，在肉块“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726276788.png上加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726817795.png，表示切肉，将肉块切成均等的若干块。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094820959820.gif在肉块https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094829793944.gif的正中间位置加“等号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094838455917.gif，强调“平分”。在原始的共产平分时代，食物是平分的重点对象，因此平分食物精品的肉食，就成为祭祖敬神日的重要仪式。当“且”的“祭祖”本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094853481489.gif再加“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726336210.png另造“祖”代替，表示祭祖日杀牲宰畜，族长平分肉食。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094915224152.gif将甲骨文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105726336210.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094931359618.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094940605089.gif将金文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205094931359618.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205095033715677.gif。造字本义：动词，祭奠先民，平分肉食。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205095045538223.gif将篆文字形中的“示”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205095033715677.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/12/5/20211205095109773376.gif。古籍常“祖宗”并称，泛指有血缘关系的先人，“祖”指后代所崇拜的最初血缘先人，中华始祖只存在于历史文化记忆之中；“宗”指同祖后代的分支，同一宗族的人往往具有现实的地理范围和具体的同一祭祀祠堂。附一文言版《説文解字》：祖，始廟也。从示，且聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：祖，祭拜最早先人的庙。字形采用“示”作边旁，采用“且”作声旁。

二、翻译世上的君主能以礼祭祀祖先，却很少能爱护自己的民众。尊敬祖先是亲亲之道，爱护民众才是为君之道。爱护民众的君主，重视农桑，不违农时，减轻赋税，民众不贫。于是国家富足，民众安乐，然后再选拔贤士去管理他们。所谓的贤士，就是人们所说的英雄。所以说，网罗了敌国的英雄，敌国就会陷入困窘的境地。英雄是国家的骨干，民众是国家的根本。得到了骨干，获取了根本，便能够政令畅通，民无怨言。用兵的要义，在于注重礼节厚给俸禄。注重礼节，则智谋之士便会前来投奔；厚给俸禄，忠义之士便会视死如归。所以给予贤士俸禄时不应吝惜财物，奖赏有功之臣时不应拖延时日。这样部属们便会同仇敌忾而消弱敌国了。用人的原则，应是封爵以尊崇他，厚禄以赡养他，这样贤士就会自动来归了。以礼节来接待他，用大义来激励他，贤士便会以死相报了。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-24 23:02:03

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-24 23:07 编辑

2023.02.24 星期五第一周第6天原文：夫将帅者，必与士卒同滋味而共安危，敌乃可加。故兵有全胜，敌有全因。昔者良将之用兵，有馈箪醪者，使投诸河，与士卒同流而饮。夫一箪之醪，不能味一河之水，而三军之士思为致死者，以滋味之及己也。《军谶》曰：“军井未达，将不言渴；军幕未办，将不言倦；军灶未炊，将不言饥。冬不服裘，夏不操扇，雨不张盖。”是谓将礼。与之安，与之危，故其众可合而不可离，可用而不可疲；以其恩素蓄，谋素合也。故曰：蓄恩不倦，以一取万。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1滋：丝，既是声旁也是形旁，表示纺织品。滋，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741516540.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741498578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741225604.png（渊，指水潭、大池）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741648401.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741447568.png（丝，丝品），表示将丝品浸泡在池中。古鈢https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741239178.png将甲骨文字形中的“渊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741225604.png写成“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741873328.png，将甲骨文字形中的包围结构写成左右结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741378635.png字形基本与古鈢字形一致。造字本义：动词，将丝品放在染池的色浆中慢慢浸染。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741127264.png将丝结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741819311.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741773885.png；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741945902.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020741478816.png。把丝品放在染池中浸染上色叫“滋”；为有色丝品局部添加花色叫“润”。附一文言版《説文解字》：滋，益也。从水，兹聲。一曰滋水，出牛飲山白陘谷，東入呼沱。
附二白话版《说文解字》：滋，补益。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“兹”作声旁。一种说法认为，“滋”是河川，源出牛饮山白陉谷，向东流入呼沱河。

2味：未，既是声旁也是形旁，表示将要但还没发生。味，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840775906.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840440589.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840618221.png（口，吞咽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840613177.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840161641.png（未，还没发生），表示尝而未吞。造字本义：动词，正式进食之前品尝食物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840417450.png将篆文字形中的“未”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840161641.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022840801158.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：味，滋味也。从口，未聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：味，滋味。字形采用“口”作边旁，“未”作声旁。

3危：危，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903394337.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903487843.png（像悬崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png（像坠石），表示悬崖坠石。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903819604.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903308619.png将坠石形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903601522.png繁化为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903810755.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903505565.png。金文另造会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903556989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903644652.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903325061.png（人，登山者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903372949.png（厂，崖岩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903796728.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903920079.png（巳，即“人”的变形），表示人在崖顶，担心坠崖；人在崖下，担心坠石。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903511445.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在高崖或崖下而害怕，担心自身坠崖或坠石。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903912103.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903984541.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903681086.png；将篆文字形中的“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903132745.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903684129.png；将篆文字形中的“巳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903446809.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015903301155.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：危，在高而懼也。从厃，自卪止之。凡危之屬皆从危。
附二白话版《说文解字》：危，人在高处而恐惧。字形采用“厃”作边旁，表示自卪履高而止。所有与危相关的字，都采用“危”作边旁。

4加：加，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243797755.png疑为“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png”（即“嘉”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.png的金文字形之省略，是“嘉”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243274705.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243617697.png（力，极力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243590181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243788326.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243930852.png，即“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243620690.png”的省略，亦即“龠”的省略，吹奏多管多孔的排笛），表示竭力吹笙击鼓。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243488038.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243335505.png省略了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243930852.png”、被简化为“加”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243797755.png之后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243244845.png再加“壴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243322012.png（鼓）另造“嘉”代替，明确“吹笙击鼓”的本义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243709898.png将金文字形中手臂形的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243301238.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243674495.png，淡化了手形；同时将金文的上下结构调整成左右结构。造字本义：动词，在丰收庆典的颂神仪式上，竭力吹笙击鼓，狂欢礼赞。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243308204.png将篆文字形中的“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243674495.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023243769051.png，手形消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：加，語相增加也。从力，从口。
附二白话版《说文解字》：加，说话夸张。字形采用“力、口”会义。

5因：囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是甲骨文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/13/20220413054142919813.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/14/20220414035233450335.gif（xí）的省略；甲骨文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/13/20220413054142919813.gif”是“𠩛”的本字，而“𠩛”是“席”的本字。因，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062327472007.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807206208.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062334589769.gif（“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/4/13/20220413054142919813.gif”的省略，是“𠩛”即“席”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104807484113.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062343174212.gif（大，成人，休息者），表示成人在席上坐卧休息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062405330450.gif承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062425330355.gif将甲骨文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062343174212.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062433850965.gif。造字本义：动词，坐或躺在席子上，以阻隔或减缓地面湿气对身体健康的损害。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062445740071.gif将篆文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062433850965.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/1/8/20220108062503817978.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：因，就也。从囗、大。
附二白话版《说文解字》：因，就近依凭。字形采用“囗、大”会义。

6馈：貴，既是声旁也是形旁，是“遺”的省略，表示赠送。饋，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838202626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838210561.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838718797.png（辵，“遗”省略，赠送）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838782529.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838727015.png（食），表示前往赠送美食。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838533792.png以“贵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838112109.png代替“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838718797.png（遗）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838533807.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838533792.png。造字本义：动词，奉送美食，敬献享用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838654644.png将篆文字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838594313.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838825491.png，误将篆文字形中的“臾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838405818.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838540153.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“馈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838267242.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838825491.png简化成“饣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838364894.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838282486.png简化成“贵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104838701527.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：饋，餉也。从食，貴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：馈，向他人赠送食物。字形采用“食”作边旁，采用“贵”作声。

7井：井，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850105639.png是象形字，字形像两横两纵构成的方形框架。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850206330.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850687680.png在方形框架https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850206330.png中加一点指事符号，表示框中有物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850491182.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，人工开凿的提取地下水的深水坑，为避免儿童老人坠入其中，四周设有方形护栏。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850940680.png承续篆文字形。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850700379.png省去一点指事符号。附一文言版《説文解字》：井，八家一井。象溝韓形罋之象也。古者伯益初作井。凡井之屬皆從井。
附二白话版《说文解字》：井，古制八家共汲一井。“井”字像木头纵横构架的形状，像汲瓶的样子。据说古昔时代一个叫伯益的人最早发明了水井。所有与井相关的字，都采用“井”作边旁。

8达：大，既是声旁也是形旁，表示成年人。达，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833385363.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833999094.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833599993.png（彳，大道）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833902466.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833518976.png（大，人），表示人来人往，四通无阻。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833280804.png加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833795179.png（行进）将“彳”写成“辵”，加强“通行”含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833351444.png误将甲骨文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833518976.png写成“竹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833169473.png，同时加“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833586970.png（徉），表示可以徜徉通行。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833212035.png将金文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833268550.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833183217.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833658053.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833564818.png。篆文简体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833587654.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：形容词，人在大道上通行无阻。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833457487.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833564818.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833477934.png，将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833183217.png写成“走之底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833266289.png。《汉字简化方案》采用的简化字形“达”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105833752620.png恢复简体篆文字形。附一文言版《説文解字》：逹，行不相遇也。从辵羍聲。《詩》曰：“挑兮達兮。”达，達或从大。或曰迭。
附二白话版《说文解字》：逹，行路而不相遇。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“羍”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“往来相见。”“达”，这是“達”的异体字，字形采用“大”作边旁。有的说法认为，“达”即是“迭”。

9渴：渴，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532254824.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532561283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532193198.png（水，饮用水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532904747.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532990629.png（袋子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532904747.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532634845.png（口，嘴），表示饮用袋中水。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532793214.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532634845.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532548281.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532394522.png用“曷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915072241582979.gif（即“喝”，表示喝水）代替https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532710625.png。造字本义：动词，在户外劳作时饮用水袋里的备用水。隶化后楷书将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532255886.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532368510.png，将篆文字形中的“曷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915072241582979.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020532504266.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：渴，盡也。从水，曷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：渴，水干。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“曷”作声旁。

10炊：“炊”是“䶴”的异体字。欠，既是声旁也是形旁，是“吹”的省略，表示吐气、吹气。䶴，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839243238.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839978174.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839362218.png（火，灶火）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839215543.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839970128.png（欠，即“吹”的省略，吹气）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839215543.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839317466.png（龠，即“籥”，箫管），表示用竹筒吹气，使灶火更旺。篆文异体字“炊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839444071.png省去“龠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839317466.png，将“龡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839785243.png省略成“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839970128.png。造字本义：动词，用竹筒向灶坑的柴堆吹气，使灶火更旺，以便烹煮饭菜。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839316766.png将篆文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839694095.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020839838673.png。古籍多以“炊”代替“䶴”。　附一文言版《説文解字》：炊，爨也。从火，吹省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：炊，烧火做饭。字形采用“火”作边旁，以省略了“口”的“吹”作声旁。

11灶：竈，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113329392296.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745340241.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113339215267.gif（穴，洞窟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745765640.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113349152429.gif（像脚爪夸张突出、善于弹跳的蟋蟀），表示蟋蟀等秋虫躲在洞窟中。因为一日三餐烧火煮饭，锅台内部保持一定的温度；到了天气冷清的秋冬季节，善于弹跳的蟋蟀，喜欢缩居锅台的土石缝隙中鸣叫，因此被民间戏称为“灶鸡子”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113419967151.gif将秋虫形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113349152429.gif写成“黾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113428666981.gif。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113440969519.gif将“黾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113428666981.gif写成“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113518707620.gif。造字本义：名词，有开口、有烟洞、可以架锅烧煮的台子。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113530931164.gif将篆文字形中的“穴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113612310192.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113538989217.gif，将篆文字形中的“data:image/png;base64,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”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113518707620.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/5/20200605113549373885.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书另造字形简单的会义字，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745861668.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745340241.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745464545.png（火，烧煮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745765640.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105745535692.png（土，有洞窟的土台），明确“烧火煮饭的土台”含义。附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，炊竈也。从穴，data:image/png;base64,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省聲。data:image/png;base64,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，或不省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，炊炙食物的灶穴。字形采用“穴”作边旁，采用省略了data:image/png;base64,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的“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是data:image/png;base64,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的异体字，data:image/png;base64,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12饥：几，既是声旁也是形旁，表示小桌子。飢，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839771838.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839214993.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839359914.png（食，食物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839149322.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839711376.png（几，小桌），表示桌上没有或很少食物。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839846718.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839359914.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839224652.png。造字本义：动词，餐桌上没有食物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839888242.png将篆文字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839224652.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839514414.png，将篆文字形中的“几”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839517506.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839798193.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“饥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839707764.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839514414.png简化成“饣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104839342383.png。“饥”形容家庭缺乏食物的状况，餐桌上没有食物；“饿”形容个体胃部缺乏食物的状况，久饥而呻吟叹息。附一文言版《説文解字》：饥，饿也。从食，几聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：饥，肚子饿。字形采用“食”作边旁，采用“几”作声旁。

13蓄：“稸”是“蓄”的异体字。畜，既是声旁也是形旁，表示储备，积聚。蓄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152385200.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152104562.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152766757.png（艸，遮蔽、隐藏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152487049.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152149494.png（畜，储备、积聚），表示积聚并隐藏。造字本义：动词，积聚并隐藏，储藏。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152155406.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152766757.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152351673.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152149494.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021152710056.png。古籍多以“蓄”代替“稸”。附一文言版《説文解字》：蓄，積也。从艸，畜聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：蓄，积聚。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“畜”作声旁。

二、翻译身为将帅，必须与士卒同甘苦共死生，才可与敌作战。如此才会我军大获全胜，敌人全军覆没。以往良将用兵，有人送给他一坛美酒，他让人倒在河中与士卒同流而饮。一坛酒不能使一河之水都有酒味，而三军将士都想以死相报，这是因为将帅与自己同甘共苦而感激奋发啊。《军谶》说：“军井没有打好，将帅不说口渴；帐篷没有搭好，将帅不说疲劳；饭菜没有烧好，将帅不说饥饿。冬日不独自穿皮衣，夏日不独自用扇子，下雨不独自打雨伞。”这就是所说的将礼。能与士卒同甘苦，共患难，军队便会万众一心，不可分离，南征北战，不觉疲劳。这是由于将帅平日里积蓄恩惠、上下一心的缘故。所以说：不断地施恩惠于士卒，便可以赢得千万人的拥护。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-25 22:36:42

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-25 22:40 编辑

2023.02.25 星期六第一周第7天原文：《军谶》曰：“将之所以为威者，号令也；战之所以全胜者，军政也；士之所以轻战者，用命也。”故将无还令，赏罚必信；如天如地，乃可御人；士卒用命，乃可越境。夫统军持势者，将也；制胜破敌者，众也。故乱将不可使保军，乖众不可使伐人。攻城则不拔，图邑则不废；二者无功，则士力疲弊。士力疲弊，则将孤众悖；以守则不固，以战则奔北。是谓老兵。兵老，则将威不行；将无威，则士卒轻刑；士卒轻刑，则军失伍；军失伍，则士卒逃亡；士卒逃亡，则敌乘利；敌乘利，则军必丧。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1威：威，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633994924.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633469429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633928304.png（戌，刑具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633589757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633182221.png（女，女子），表示对女子施刑。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633464673.png将“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633928304.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633693179.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633377747.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，封建时代对不守妇道的女子施刑，以警示妇女遵守妇道。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633865321.png将篆文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633852786.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633699311.png，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/13/20200813020005689954.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104633157605.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：威，姑也。从女，从戌。漢律曰：“婦告威姑。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：威，丈夫的母亲。字形采用“女、戌”会义。汉朝的律法中曾提及“妇人告发丈夫的母亲。”

2号：号，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128782936.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128656003.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128498284.png（口，吹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128699412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128975928.png（像带吹嘴的吹奏乐器），表示吹奏管乐器，发出悠长的管声，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128240277.png像乐器上的吹嘴。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128171939.png将金文字形中的带吹嘴的吹奏乐器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128975928.png简写成“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128657305.png，金文字形中表示吹嘴的“口”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128240277.png消失。造字本义：动词，古人吹奏管、角，向部落发出警讯或集结指令。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128209910.png将篆文字形中的“丂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128657305.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023128520673.png。《汉字简化方案》用“号”（用管、角发出警讯或指令）合并代替“號”（虎豹猛兽发出威震山谷的咆啸）。在古籍中，动物高声呼叫为“號”（号）；呼天抢地为“哭”；声泪倶下为“涕”；无声落泪为“泣”。附一文言版《説文解字》：号，痛聲也。从口在丂上。凡号之屬皆从号。
附二白话版《说文解字》：号，悲痛的声音。字形采用“口”作边旁，像口在芋管上。所有与号相关的字，都采用“号”作边旁。

3令：“令”是“命”的本字。令，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101581515.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101969445.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101756398.png（朝下的“口”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101239280.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101852422.png（㔾，即“人”，等候指示的下级），表示上级指示下级。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101437734.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101706517.png将金文字形中的“㔾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101999832.png写成“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/8/20210908123522803048.gif。造字本义：动词，上级向下级授命，作出权威性指示。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101720897.png将篆文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101393038.png写成“人”加一点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101292963.png，将篆文字形中的“㔾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/8/20210908123522803048.gif写成反写的“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023101843298.png，至此“令”的“口”形和“人”形消失。当“令”的动词本义消失、成为常用名词后，金文再加“口”另造“命”代替。附一文言版《説文解字》：令，發號也。从亼、卪。
附二白话版《说文解字》：令，发号指挥。字形采用“亼、卪”会义。

4胜：“胜”是“鮏”的异体字；而“腥”是“胜”的异体字。生，既是声旁也是形旁，是“性”的省略或假借，表示事物与生俱来的本质特征。鮏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543921498.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543756846.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（自，鼻，嗅、闻）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543105884.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543813577.png（鱼，水生动物），表示从生鱼嗅到的难闻气味。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543601537.png简化字形，用“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png（“性”的省略）代替“自”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543246659.png（鼻子、嗅觉），表示鱼类难闻的骚臊特性。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543248158.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543780141.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543236477.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543728391.png。篆文异体字“胜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543281747.png用“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543989491.png（动物的有机组织）代替“鱼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543359990.png，强调野生动物发臊的普遍特性。有的篆文异体字“腥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543290099.png用近音的“星”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543737153.png（xīng）代替“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543881112.png（性 xìng ）。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543703229.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543802902.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543686278.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543316348.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543286908.png。造字本义：形容词，鱼等野生动物发出的气味，粗浊呛鼻，恶臊难闻。“胜”被异体字“腥”代替之后，“胜”字中本该读“性”（ xìng ）的“生”，被误读成 shēng 。而《汉字简化方案》则用字形简单、字音相近的“胜”合并代替字义毫不相关的“勝”。附一文言版《説文解字》：胜，犬膏臭也。从肉，生聲。一曰不孰也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：胜，狗肉发出的气味。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“生”作声旁。一种说法认为，“胜”是指没煮熟的腥臊生肉。

5政：正，既是声旁也是形旁，是“征”的本字，表示出兵讨伐不义之地。政，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644311541.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644459185.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644587139.png（正，征伐不义之地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644168907.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644674713.png（攴，持械攻击），表示武力征服。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644768084.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644356337.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，武力征服并用暴力统治。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644693492.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644209458.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644352083.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644358308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104644129426.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：政，正也。从攴，从正，正亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：政，以强力施行正义。字形采用“攴、正”会义，“正”也是声旁。

6越：戉，既是声旁也是形旁，是“钺”的本字，表示宽刃大斧的武器，借代战争。越，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135122091.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135556115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135773338.png（走，逃跑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135720887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135273246.png（骨，死亡），表示逃避死亡、灾难。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135377663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135556115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135264837.png（邑，郡邑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135720887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135116088.png（戉，钺斧，借代战争），表示逃避战乱之地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135697122.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135556115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135211778.png（走，逃跑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135720887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135821709.png（戉，钺斧，借代战争），表示逃避战乱。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135458187.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135556115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135623429.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135720887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135925542.png（匿，隐藏），表示逃跑和隐匿。古时代中原地区战争频仍，不堪兵灾的人士纷纷逃往南方的蛮荒之境以求长安。造字本义：动词，避开战乱的北方，远逃南方蛮荒偏安之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135933783.png将篆文字形中的“走”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135211778.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135871928.png，将篆文字形中的“戉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135821709.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111135438653.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：越，度也。从走，戉聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：越，跨过。字形采用“走”作边旁，采用“戉”作声旁

7境：竟，既是形旁也是声旁，表示结束，终点。境，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217382320.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217902653.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217508300.png（土，疆域）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217326928.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217215546.png（竟，终点），表示领域之终点。造字本义：名词，国土的边际，疆界。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217206787.png误将篆文字形中的“辛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217848205.png写成“立”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020217411014.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：境，疆也。从土，竟聲。經典通用竟。
附二白话版《说文解字》：境，边疆。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“竟”作声旁。古代经典中“境”通用为“竟”。

8疲：皮，既是声旁也是形旁，表示表面。疲，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103397334.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103240450.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103321205.png（疒，病）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103660731.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103837192.png（皮，表面），表示病在表皮。造字本义：形容词，表面的病态，即困乏、倦怠，稍加休息即可。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103974835.png将篆文字形中的“疒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103321205.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103867767.png，将篆文字形中的“皮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103837192.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111103378047.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：疲，勞也。从疒，皮聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疲，身体劳顿。字形采用“疒”作边旁，采用“皮”作声旁。

9弊：“㡀”是“敝”的本字；“敝”是“弊”的本字。㡀，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021347738859.gif（“敝”字局部）是指事字，字形在“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021431696111.gif（用布帛制作的系佩衣饰）字上加表示碎片的四点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021439437802.gif，表示将布帛衣物撕扯成碎片。当“㡀”成为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020025949144859.gif再加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030013523421.gif（持械击打）另造“敝”代替，强调人为破坏布帛衣物。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030054389702.gif将“㡀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030002446929.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030410763321.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729955109.png加“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023023652492403.gif（“又”的简写，用手抓），将甲骨文字形中的“㡀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030002446929.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729248531.png，将甲骨文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030013523421.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023025838440224.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030108123879.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。当“敝”从动词“人为破坏衣物”引申出形容词含义“衣物陈旧而破败”之后，隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020012317421226.gif再加“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020091157995905.gif（用双手抓）另造“弊”代替，强调“人为破坏”的含义。造字本义：动词，将布帛衣物撕碎扯烂，人为破坏衣物。古籍中“敝”与“弊”相通用。强调人为破坏或主观过失时，古籍中多以“弊”代替“敝”。10军：勻，既是声旁也是形旁，是“均”的本字，表示均等。軍，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850738203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850101630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850376533.png（勻，即“均”，均等）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850910539.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850513950.png（車，战车），表示相同数量的战车。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850389332.png省去“勻”的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850376533.png中的等号“二”，把“匀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850376533.png变成“九”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850143204.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850501579.png则误将“九”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850143204.png写成“勹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850124032.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850994301.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，会战双方以相同数量的战车对等交战，对阵。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850240177.png误将篆文字形中的“勹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850914938.png写成“秃宝盖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850661021.png。“軍”的字形，从金文字形中的“匀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850376533.png到隶书字形中的“秃宝盖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850661021.png，会义线索和读音线索消失。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“军”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850808817.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“車”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850161318.png简化成“车”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105850433236.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：軍，圜圍也。四千人爲軍。从車，从包省。車，兵車也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：军，环形围绕。四千人成一军。字形采用“车”和省略了“巳”的“包”会义。“军”字里面的“车”，就是战车。

11失：失，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632754016.png在手“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632679430.png上加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632995410.png，表示手未抓牢。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632414717.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手未抓牢而丢落。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632303721.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632214926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632125143.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：失，縱也。从手，乙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：失，放手、脱手而不能控制。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“乙”作声旁。

12伍：五，既是声旁也是形旁，表示四、六之间的正整数。伍，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749978147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749283364.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749762673.png（人，士兵）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749460338.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749879392.png（五），表示五人制的组织单位。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749697879.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，古代军队编制单位，士兵每五名为一组，叫“伍”。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749165747.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749656459.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749759109.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749751559.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105749519904.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：伍，相參伍也。从人，从五。
附二白话版《说文解字》：伍，或三或五相互错杂。字形采用“人、五”会义。

二、翻译《军谶》说：“将帅的威严源于号令，作战的胜利在于军政，士卒的敢战根于听命。”因此将帅要令出必行，赏罚必信，像天地时令那样不可更易，这样将帅才能统御士卒。士卒服从命令才可以出境作战。统帅军队、把握态势的是将领，夺取胜利、打败敌人的是士卒。所以，治军无方的将领不能让他统率三军，离心离德的士卒不能用以攻伐敌国。这样的军队攻打城池难以拔取，图谋市镇难以占领，两年事都做不到，反而会使军力疲惫不堪。军力疲惫不堪就会使将领更加孤立，士卒更加抗命。这样的军队用来守卫则阵地必不稳固，用来作战则士卒必然溃逃。这就叫做师老兵疲。师老兵疲，将领就没有威信。将领没有威信，士卒就不怕刑罚。士卒不怕刑罚，军队就必然混乱。军队混乱，士卒就必然逃亡。士卒逃亡，敌人就必然乘机进攻。敌人进攻，军队就必然大败。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-26 22:53:16

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-26 22:57 编辑

2023.02.26 星期日第二周第1天原文：《军谶》曰：“良将之统军也，恕己而治人，推惠施恩，士力日新，战如风发，攻如何决。”故其众可望而不可当，可下而不可胜。以身先人，故其兵为天下雄。《军谶》曰：“军以赏为表，以罚为里。”赏罚明，则将威行；官人得，则士卒服；所任贤，则敌国震。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1良：“良”是“琅”的本字；“瑯”、“郎”、“廊”都是“琅”的异体字。良，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800958249.png是象形字，字形像宫殿https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800455080.png两侧迂回曲折的游廊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800640840.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800998599.png。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800152905.png将表示宫殿区域的“囗”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800455080.png写成“日”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800122992.png，将曲折的游廊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800640840.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800998599.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800810154.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800417812.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800563991.png将甲骨文字形中的曲折的游廊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800640840.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800998599.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800300475.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800943057.png，像是分段加关的游廊通道。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800813426.png将金文字形中的游廊通道https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800300475.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800943057.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800227217.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800642911.png。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800514617.png有所变形。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800346632.png突出走廊迂回的形状。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800748464.png突出宫殿内部的多室结构。造字本义：名词，宫殿区内精美的玉砌廷廊，是古代帝王侍卫、侍从、顾问、医师等听候召唤的所在。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800130594.png变形较大，篆文字形上下两端的回廊形状消失。当“良”的本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800379500.png加“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800619406.png（玉）另造“琅”代替，强调宫殿廷廊的玉石材质。当“琅”的本义消失后，楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800958936.png加“双耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800202775.png（邑，城，指宫殿区）另造“瑯”代替，强调宫殿区内的玉砌廷廊。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800629829.png省去“王”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800942892.png（玉）写成“郎”，表示在宫殿廷廊随时听任帝王召唤的侍卫、顾问、医师。当“瑯”和“郎”的本义都消失后，篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800307295.png在“郎”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800413574.png基础上再加加“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105800428787.png（开放式建筑）另造“廊”代替，强调宫殿廷廊建筑的半开放性质。附一文言版《説文解字》：良，善也。从畗省，亡聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAsAAAAOAQMAAADDr3TWAAAEDWdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Im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附二白话版《说文解字》：良，善良。字形采用有所省略的“畗”作边旁，采用“亡”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“良”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“良”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这也是古文写法的“良”字。

2恕：“㣽”是“恕”的异体字。如，既是声旁也是形旁，表示一致、相同。恕，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014034737919.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219646284.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014041737581.gif（如，同）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219340004.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014047415774.gif（心，心情），表示同心，即同情、同理，站在对方立场去感受。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125157754585.gif将金文字形中的“如”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014041737581.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125204497735.gif，将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014047415774.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125212286137.gif。造字本义：动词，抱同情、同理之心，站在对方立场去感受，并原谅、宽容对方造成的错误和伤害。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125222809573.gif将篆文字形中的“如”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125204497735.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125230298662.gif，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125212286137.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911125237774489.gif。金文异体字“㣽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911013743925547.gif将金文字形中的“如”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911014041737581.gif省略成“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/11/20210911013753432066.gif。古籍多以“恕”代替“㣽”。儒家提倡在处理社会关系时遵循“忠恕”之道，以达成封建时代农业大国的社会秩序和谐稳定——“忠”指充满敬意维护上级，用心专一；“恕”指推已及人，抱持同情同理之心包容下级。附一文言版《説文解字》：恕，仁也。从心，如聲。㣽，古文恕省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恕，仁慈。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“如”作声旁。㣽，这是古文写法的“恕”字，省略了“口”。

3推：隹，既是声旁也是形旁，是“锥”的省略，表示利器。推，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104924513543.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522767375.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104935438160.gif（隹，即“锥”的省略）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522322312.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502104945414262.gif（攴，持械击打），表示持锥击打。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093443360505.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522767375.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093455982783.gif（手，用力）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522322312.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093506524026.gif（隹，即“锥”的省略），表示在锥子上发力。造字本义：动词，用锥器向前撞击。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522536883.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093455982783.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104522393570.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093506524026.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/2/20200502093515323980.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：推，排也。从手，隹聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：推，用手施力使物体滑动移开。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“隹”作声旁。

4惠：惠，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905985303.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905945219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905968031.png（叀，纺纱的转轮，借代纺织）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905298409.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905392760.png（心，表示善良温柔），表示女子纺纱织布，操持家务。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905833634.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，女子心灵手巧，善良温柔，且心地美好，与人为善。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905653715.png将篆文字形中的“叀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905857393.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905391052.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905812066.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104905221921.png。古人称大臣善于组织管理为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。附一文言版《説文解字》：惠，仁也。从心，从叀。
附二白话版《说文解字》：惠，仁厚。字形采用“心、叀”会义。

5恩：因，既是声旁也是形旁，表示依靠。恩，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205239197.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205412259.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205153450.png（因，依靠）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205208439.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205702357.png（心，感激），表示感激依靠。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205224731.png将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205702357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205633065.png。造字本义：名词，内心所感激的借以渡过难关的外来帮助。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/19/20200219102427340816.gif将篆文字形中的“因”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/19/20200219111619178882.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/19/20200219111337973902.gif，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105205633065.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/19/20200219111346529433.gif。附一文言版《説文解字》：恩，惠也。从心，因聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恩，好处。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“因”作声旁。

6士：十，既是声旁也是形旁，是“又”的简化，即“丮”的变形，表示用手执握。士，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026033835607308.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104604935958.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026033844463584.gif（宽刃战斧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104604800972.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026033853882831.gif（十，是“又”即“丮”的变形，执握），表示手握战斧。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026033904117609.gif淡化斧刃，将斧形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026033844463584.gif简化成“丄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026034007419407.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026034104238778.gif承续简体金文字形。造字本义：名词，手持大斧作战的武夫。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/26/20211026034124252027.gif承续篆文字形。在远古冷兵器时代，军人所使用的武器，代表其在军中的级别与地位：身在前线用小斧作战的叫“兵”；身在将帅身边使用大型战斧的高级警卫叫“士”；手持特大战斧的首领叫“王”。文治天下的首领叫“君”；头戴金冠的王者叫“皇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：士，事也。數始於一，終於十。从一从十。孔子曰：“推十合一爲士。”凡士之屬皆从士。
附二白话版《说文解字》：士，善于办事的人。天地之数，从一开始，到十结束。字形采用“一、十”会义。孔子说：“能推十合一、从众多事物中推演归纳出一个根本道理的人，就是高明的士。”所有与士相关的字，都采用“士”作边旁。

7风：凡，既是声旁也是形旁，是“鳳”的省略，表示传说中形似孔雀的大鹏鸟。風，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071134199585.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946669236.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071148827617.gif（凡，即“鳳”的省略，大鹏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946193078.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071156180278.gif（云，气流）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946193078.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071204117163.gif（气，流动的空气），表示大鹏飞翔所依赖的空中气流。简体籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071240764047.gif将“云”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071156180278.gif简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071419814775.gif，将横向流动的“气”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071204117163.gif写成向上蒸气https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071428574925.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071452866080.gif将籀文字形中的“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071148827617.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071527394764.gif，并误将籀文字形中三竖构成的、像“气”又像“虫”的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071428574925.gif写成“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071616709265.gif。造字本义：名词，使鸟类得以飞翔的气流。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071642218496.gif将篆文字形中的“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071527394764.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946736687.png，将篆文字形中的“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071616709265.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946426028.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“风”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946816434.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071657686097.gif，将草写的“云”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/18/20210318071704701953.gif简化成“乂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101014946111694.png。甲骨文卜辞中有时假借“鳳”代替“風”。附一文言版《説文解字》：風，八風也。東方曰明庶風，東南曰清明風，南方曰景風，西南曰涼風，西方曰閶闔風，西北曰不周風，北方曰廣莫風，東北曰融風。風動蟲生。故蟲八日而化。从虫，凡聲。凡風之屬皆从風。
附二白话版《说文解字》：风，八方的风。東方的风叫“明庶风”，东南的风叫“清明风”，南方的风叫“景风”，西南的风叫“涼风”，西方的叫“闾阖风”，西北的风叫“周风”，北方的叫“广漠风”，东北的叫“融风”。风动虫生。所以说虫生八日而化。字形采用“虫”作边旁，采用“凡”作声旁。所有与风相关的字，都采用“风”作边旁。

8表：表，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734105485.png是象形字，字形像兽毛朝外的皮衣，像衣服https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734479813.png外部披着兽毛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734238996.png。篆文写成会义结构：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734699801.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734526019.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070125846061.gif（衣，服装）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105734854539.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070133546742.gif（毛，动物的毛发），强调“表”的“毛皮”材质。造字本义：名词，用动物毛皮制成的外衣。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065739417716.gif误将篆文字形中“衣”的上部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070604156795.gif和“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070133546742.gif所构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316070614695917.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065911963295.gif，将篆文字形中“衣”的下部https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065830448794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/16/20200316065900377468.gif，以致兽“毛”形状完全消失。附一文言版《説文解字》：表，上衣也。从衣，从毛。古者衣裘，以毛為表。
附二白话版《说文解字》：表，上衣。字形采用“衣、毛”会义。古昔时代人们穿裘衣，制裘时将毛皮带毛的一面当作外面。

9里：里，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411116748.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411906952.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411911905.png（田，畴亩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411906272.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411398595.png（土，借代地面、墙体，民居），表示赖以生存的住宅与田地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020411869763.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，田园，居住、耕种、生活的地方。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/10/3/20211003040812450929.gif承续篆文字形。“里”作为居住区，与外部世界相对，有“内部”的意思；《汉字简化方案》用“里”合并“裏”。附一文言版《説文解字》：里，居也。从田，从土。凡里之屬皆从里。
附二白话版《说文解字》：里，民居。字形采用“田、土”会义。所有与里相关的字，都采用“里”作边旁。

10明：“朙”是“明”的异体字；“眀”是“朙”的异体字。明，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082541915085.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png（日，太阳）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513082621328054.gif（月，月亮），表示太阳和月亮发光照耀。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014432768262.gif将甲骨文字形中的“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112468596.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014452338091.gif。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014510671987.gif承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，日光或月光将空间照亮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014552698938.gif将籀文字形中的“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014845374170.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014656737446.gif，将籀文字形中的“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014852636648.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531014708541975.gif。甲骨文异体字“朙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513112934504389.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112514181.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/7/20200307100955838498.gif（月，月亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015112480370.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/13/20200513101615484798.gif（囧，窗牖），表示月光透过窗户照亮夜里黑暗房间的角落。“朙”的隶书异体字“眀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531072713602622.gif误将“囧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531072725669681.gif写成“目”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/5/31/20210531072734518856.gif。古籍多以“明”代替“朙”和“眀”。“明”侧重表示日光充足；“朗”侧重表示月光充足。附一文言版《説文解字》：朙，照也。从月，从囧。凡朙之屬皆从朙。
附二白话版《说文解字》：朙，月光透过窗户照亮房间。字形由“月、囧”会义。所有与“朙”有关的字，都采用“朙”作边旁。

11震：辰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“振”的省略。震，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156330329.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156133957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156616501.png（辰，即“振”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156991828.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156480195.png（双腿发抖，两点指事符号表示颤抖），表示天雷振撼天地，令人恐惧发抖。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156492963.png加“雷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156674286.png，强调“打雷”的“震源”。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156582116.png以“雨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156981844.png（天象）代替“雷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156674286.png，强调天象含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156581821.png承续籀文字形。造字本义：动词，打雷，撼动天地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156890248.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156917268.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015156853685.png。“震”的本义是雷撼天地；“振”的本义是奋力挥锄。附一文言版《説文解字》：震，劈歴，振物者。从雨，辰聲。《春秋傳》曰：“震夷伯之廟。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：震，天穹的劈历，振动室内物什。字形采用“雨字头”作边旁，采用“辰”作声旁。《春秋传》上说：“响雷震撼夷伯的庙堂。”

二、翻译《军谶》说：“良将统率军队，以恕己之道治理部下。广施恩惠，军队的战斗力就会日新月异，交战时就像狂风一样迅疾。进攻进就像河决一样猛烈。”敌人只能眼睁睁地看着这样的军队攻上来，却根本无力抵挡。敌人只能俯首向我投降，却没有任何取胜的希望。将领能身先士卒他的军队便可以称雄天下了。《军谶》说：“治军应当以奖赏为表，以惩罚为里。赏罚分明，将领的威信才能树立起来。选官用人得当，士卒们才会心悦诚服。重用德才兼备的人，敌国就会惧怕。”。三、背诵已上传微盘。

陈慧Michelle 发表于 2023-2-27 22:53:44

本帖最后由陈慧Michelle 于 2023-2-27 22:57 编辑

2023.02.27 星期一第二周第2天原文：《军谶》曰：“贤者所适，其前无敌。”故士可下而不可骄，将可乐而不可忧，谋可深而不可疑。士骄，则下不顺；将忧，则内外不相信；谋疑，则敌国奋。以此，攻伐则致乱。夫将者，国之命也。将能制胜，则国家安定。《军谶》曰：“将能清，能净；能平，能整；能受谏，能听讼；能纳人，能采言；能知国俗，能图山川；能表险难，能制军权。”故曰，仁贤之智，圣明之虑，负薪之言，廊庙之语，兴衰之事，将所宜闻。将者，能思士如渴，则策从焉。夫将，拒谏，则英雄散；策不从，则谋士叛；善恶同，则功臣倦；专己，则下归咎；自伐，则下少功；信谗，则众离心；贪财，则奸不禁；内顾，则士卒淫。将有一，则众不服；有二，则军无式；有三，则下奔北；有四，则祸及国。【作业】1、查阅本义不少于10个字。2、翻译文义。3、背诵并录音一、查字1前：“前”是“歬”的异体字。歬，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117951674.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117326033.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117426956.png（止，脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117553183.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117443302.png（舟，航船）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117553183.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117468779.png（行，行进），表示徒步拉船逆流而上。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117177436.png省去“行”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117468779.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117642450.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117909028.png基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117884713.png加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117221325.png（纤夫），将“歬”写成“前”，强调纤夫拉船。造字本义：动词，纤夫拉船，逆流而上。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117355559.png误将篆文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117979535.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117241477.png；误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117221325.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117755207.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117126820.png将“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117677963.png草写成两点加一横的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111117514784.png，至此“前”的字形面目全非。古籍多以“前”代替“歬”。附一文言版《説文解字》：前，不行而進謂之歬。从止在舟上。
附二白话版《说文解字》：前，不行而进叫做“前”。字形采用“止、舟”会义，表示双脚站在船上不动。

2骄：喬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高。驕，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245905816.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245989042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245156795.png（喬，高）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245992203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245210158.png（馬，力畜），表示马匹高大。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245427740.png将甲骨文字形中的“喬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245156795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245414274.png，将甲骨文字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245210158.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245729095.png。造字本义：形容词，马匹高大。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245384592.png承续金文字形。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245847048.png将篆文字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245555388.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245659011.png，将篆文字形中的“喬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245778733.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245592348.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“骄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245631908.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“馬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245659011.png简化成“马”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245985907.png，将正体楷书字形中的“喬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245592348.png简写成“乔”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023245415073.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：驕，馬高六尺爲驕。从馬，喬聲。《詩》曰：“我馬唯驕。”一曰野馬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：骄，马高六尺叫“骄”。字形采用“马”作边旁，“乔”作声旁。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“我的马多么高骏。”还一种说法认为，“骄”是野马。

3顺：川，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水流。順，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125444832971.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155402416.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125453413017.gif（川，水流）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155991203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125459822593.gif（見，即“頁”的简写，头脑，借代思虑），表示思绪舒畅如流。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125509608270.gif承续甲骨文字形。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125517343303.gif用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125526643189.gif代替“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125459822593.gif，表示心情舒畅。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125535599982.gif将金文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125751298238.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125719354961.gif。造字本义：形容词，心情舒畅如流，没有郁结。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125654102211.gif将篆文字形中的“川”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125710849334.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125629620873.gif，将篆文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125719354961.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125637754698.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“顺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155347507.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/15/20210915125637754698.gif简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155859597.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：順，理也。从頁，从巛。
附二白话版《说文解字》：顺，梳理，使有序。字形采用“页、巛”会义。

4忧：尤，既是声旁也是形旁，表示特别多。忧，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658488355.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658247571.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/3/20201003035023386046.gif（心，思虑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658728273.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658122659.png（尤，特别多），表示思虑特别多。造字本义：动词，多思多虑，放心不下。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658515491.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/3/20201003035023386046.gif写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658183447.png，将篆文字形中的“尤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658122659.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104658842399.png。“忧”与“憂”同义，《汉字简化方案》用“忧”字合并“憂”字。附一文言版《説文解字》：忧，心動也。从心，尤聲。讀若祐。
附二白话版《说文解字》：忧，心动。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“尤”作声旁。诗音像读“祐”。

5清：青，既是声旁也是形旁，是“倩”的省略，表示美丽、漂亮。清，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092039469374.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535256855.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092047679892.gif（水，水体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535120768.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092055980675.gif（青，即“倩”的省略，美丽、漂亮），表示水体透澈漂亮。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092115859109.gif将“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092055980675.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535279548.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092127305393.gif将“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092055980675.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092201675109.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092136111815.gif将金文字形中的“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092201675109.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092209576455.gif。造字本义：形容词，水无杂滓，澄澈明丽。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092017160009.gif将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/5/20220305072831830523.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535681456.png，将篆文字形中的“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092209576455.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2022/3/6/20220306092024212110.gif。丽水为“清”，丽日为“晴”；美目为“睛”，美意为“情”；好话为“请”，好米为“精”。附一文言版《説文解字》：清，朖也。澂水之皃。从水，靑聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：清，明朗。水澄澈的样子。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“靑”作声旁。

6净：“浄”和“靜”是“瀞”的异体字；而“净”是“浄”的异体字。清，既是声旁也是形旁，表示纯洁、无污染。瀞，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312015813905154.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020440166548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312020051119094.gif（清，纯洁、无污染）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020440129615.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312020100748917.gif（争，极力实现），表示极力使之纯洁、无污染。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312020111512392.gif将金文字形中的“静”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312020237281868.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312020401992213.gif。篆文异体字“淨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312091842651602.gif省去“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092136257451.gif。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092049459938.gif将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092136257451.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092059413211.gif，将篆文字形中的“爭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092119251825.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092128364623.gif。简体字“浄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092222936413.gif将“爭”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092128364623.gif简化为“争”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092247766789.gif。楷书异体字“净”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304902238.png用“两点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020304147703.png代替“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/12/20200312092059413211.gif。造字本义：动词，清除污染，使之纯洁。“静”与“净”近义，古籍中常通用。古籍多以“浄”代替“净”。《汉字简化方案》用“净”代替合并“浄”。附一文言版《説文解字》：淨，鲁北城门池也。从水，爭聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：浄，鲁北城门水池。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“争”作声旁。

7俗：谷，既是声旁也是形旁，是“欲”的省略。俗，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806703442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806770615.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806688949.png（人，世人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806481257.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806568893.png（谷，即“欲”的省略），表示世人的日常欲求。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806730020.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，有七情六欲的市井凡人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806111835.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/28/20210928121605981425.gif写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806931544.png，将篆文字形中的“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/9/28/20210928121626944633.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806865840.png。汉语中常“习俗”并称，词义偏指“俗”：“习”指个体后天养成的行为一贯性偏好，“俗”指群体在一定历史、地理、社会环境中形成的行为一贯性偏好，即“俗”是大众化、历史化的“习”。附一文言版《説文解字》：俗，習也。从人，谷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：俗，地方流行的生活习惯。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“谷”作声旁。

8拒：巨，既是声旁也是形旁，是“距”的省略，表示制造相隔空间。拒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947145422.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947142845.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/3/20211103081208140510.gif（手，抵抗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947909709.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023947743022.png（巨，即“距”的省略），表示抵抗以保持距离。造字本义：动词，抗击对方，抵制于安全距离。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/3/20211103081323889219.gif将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/3/20211103081208140510.gif写成“提手旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/11/3/20211103081332317351.gif。9倦：卷，既是声旁也是形旁，表示收缩、弯曲。倦，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942217753.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942278276.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942464328.png（人，代身体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942190294.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942559450.png（卷，收缩），表示身体收缩。造字本义：形容词，身体因疲乏而萎缩无力。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942290180.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942464328.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942773987.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942559450.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104942436106.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：倦，罷也。从人，卷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：倦，力量用尽。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“卷”作声旁。

10伐：伐，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601382029.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601642751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601542296.png（人，受刑者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601760558.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601934581.png（戈，击杀武器），表示用戈戟砍杀人的颈项。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601786753.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601923085.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，武力杀戮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601777930.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/8/9/20210809081606417035.gif写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601908493.png，将篆文字形中的“戈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601908915.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104601573420.png。“征”是为了纠正一方错误而动武、出于正义而兴师问罪，多褒义；“伐”是为了解决利益冲突而进兵杀戮，多中性。附一文言版《説文解字》：伐，擊也。从人持戈。一曰敗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：伐，击杀。字形采用“人、戈”会义，像人手持戈。一种说法认为，“伐”是“毁坏”的意思。

11谗：毚，既是声旁也是形旁，双“兔”重叠，表示像兔子一样嘴巴动个不停，不断说话。讒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085424830472.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529801945.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif（言，说话）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529536452.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif（毚，嘴动不停，话语不断），表示不断地说好话。造字本义：动词，不断地用甜言蜜语讨好献媚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529283896.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085439317790.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png，将篆文字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085447285007.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“谗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085525571425.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529162498.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529738314.png，将正体楷书字形中的“毚”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023529443533.png简化成“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085620986270.gif、“免”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085631143129.gif（“兔”的变形）构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119085640911953.gif。“谗”是用甜言蜜语献媚当权者；“谄”是是恶语诅咒，毁谤陷害。附一文言版《説文解字》：讒，譖也。从言，毚聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：谗，说别人的坏话。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“毚”作声旁。

12顾：“雇”是“顧”的本字。户，既是声旁也是形旁，表示家门，借代家居、家园。雇，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804499808.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804322710.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804915634.png（户，门，家园）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804628517.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804624848.png（隹，候鸟），表示迁徙的候鸟天鹅降落在家园。在天人合一的思想普遍流行的远古时代，纯朴的先民将以“人”字阵形迁徙的候鸟视为“天鹅”加以崇拜，相信它们有特殊而神奇的力量；每当候鸟访问家园，则给水喂食，用心照看，以确保天鹅短暂休整之后可以继续远徙。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805696907.png将甲骨文字形的上下结构调整成半包围结构，将甲骨文字形中的“户”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804915634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805235500.png，将甲骨文字形中的“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104804624848.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805974429.png。当“雇”的“来访、照看”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805947407.png再加“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805721529.png（动脑筋）另造“顧”代替，强调用脑、用心。造字本义：动词，迁徙的天鹅每年定期来访，主人给水喂食，用心照看。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805647122.png将篆文字形中的“雇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805926434.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805546306.png，将篆文字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805721529.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805884722.png。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805851635.png依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805825662.png将正体楷书字形中的“雇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805546306.png简化成“厄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805479022.png，导致“户”形消失。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“顾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805362804.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805973956.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104805124107.png。表达本义时，古籍多以“顧”代替“雇”。附一文言版《説文解字》：顧，還視也。从頁，雇聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：顾，回头看。字形采用“页”作边旁，采用“雇”作声旁。

13策：朿，既是声旁也是形旁，是“刺”的本字，表示棘刺。策，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359380018.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359397749.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png（“竹”的变形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359860088.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png（朿，棘刺），表示竹鞭。造字本义：名词，用来刺激、驱赶马匹的竹鞭。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359834391.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359687747.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359629283.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359859068.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359262573.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359185499.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359774654.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022359521033.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：策，馬箠也。从竹，朿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：策，赶马的竹鞭。字形采用“竹”作边旁，采用“朿”作声旁。

二、翻译《军谶》说：“贤士归附的国家，一定会所向无敌。” 所以对待贤士要谦恭而不可简慢，对待将师要令其心情愉快而不可使之有隐忧，对于谋略要深思熟虑而不可犹豫不决。待贤简慢下属就不会悦服。将有隐忧君主与将领之间便互不信任。谋略犹豫敌国就会乘机得势。这样去打仗必然招致祸乱。将帅是国家命运的掌握者。将帅能率军战胜敌人，国家才会安定。《军谶》说：“将帅就能清廉，能沉静，能公平，能严肃，能接受劝谏，能明断是非，能容纳人才，能博采众议，能知各国风俗，能通山川形势，能明险关要隘，能把握三军的形势。”所以说，举凡贤臣的睿智，君主的远虑，民众的议论，官员的意见，以及天下兴衰的往事，都是将帅所应当了解的。将帅能思贤如渴，有谋略的人就会聚集在他周围。将帅不听下属的意见，杰出的人才就会散去。不采纳谋士的良策，谋士就会叛离。善恶不分，功臣就会灰心。一意孤行，下属就会归咎于上。自我炫耀，下属就不愿多建战功。听信谗言，军队就会离心离德。贪图钱财，坏的东西就无法禁止。贪恋女色，士卒就会淫乱无度。将帅如有上面的一条，士卒就不会心悦诚服。有了两条，军队就没了法纪。有了三条，全军就会溃败。有了四条，就会给国家带来灾祸了。三、背诵已上传微盘。

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陈慧《三略》读书笔记