子君的《素问》读书笔记

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-19 12:42:15

具体要求：
1、查询生僻字，正音，抄写、熟读吟诵，用翻译的方式理通文意，每周简明心得。最后大约八周按日布置作业，梳理一些主要信息。
2、每周2章（少数章节过长过短在进程中适当调整），分两段，本段素问50周。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-20 19:33:50

本帖最后由 AbyssLiu 于 2021-6-20 20:07 编辑

第一周任务
6.20 上古天真论篇第一P16-19
正音查字：
【昔在黄帝，生而神灵，弱而能言，幼而徇齐，长而敦敏，成而登天。】
1.真：“真”与“貞”同源，后分化。真，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810309796.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810766871.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810818255.png（人，巫师）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810105887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810274124.png（鼎，祭祀神器），表示用神鼎祭祀占卜的巫师。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810603967.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810818255.png（巫师）写成“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810689888.png（神杖），将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810274124.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810866391.png将金文字形中的“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810689888.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810352844.png，将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810615475.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810535684.png则将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810563666.png。造字本义：名词，占卜如验的贞人，贞卜高人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810308777.png将篆文字形中的“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810494575.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810764344.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810563666.png写成“具”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810266277.png，至此字形面目全非。
附一文言版《説文解字》：眞，僊人變形而登天也。从匕，从目，从乚，八所乘载也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：真：长生不死的人变形升天。字形采用“匕、目、乚、八”会义，“八”表示仙人升天所乘坐的东西。

2.论：“侖”是“論”的本字。侖，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129735757.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129645999.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129331241.png（口，评说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129418282.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129876234.png（册，典籍），表示商讨、评说https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129331241.png典籍https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129876234.png中的教义。当“侖”的“评说”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129507490.png再加“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129281166.png另造“論”（论）代替。造字本义：动词，商讨准则，评说是非。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129516632.png承续金文字形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129852611.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129349494.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129767585.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129384017.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129488708.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“论”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129448001.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129439541.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129508683.png，将正体楷书字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129608176.png简化成“仑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023129440038.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：論，議也。从言，侖聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：论，辨析证明。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“侖”作声旁。

3.徇：旬，既是声旁也是形旁，是“殉”的省略，表示随葬。徇，甲金篆字形资料暂缺，隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111051787451.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111051420949.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111051944340.png（彳，即“行”，巡行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111051437428.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111051596165.png（旬，即“殉”，随葬），表示斩首巡行。推测造字本义：动词，斩首巡行示众。
4.齐：“亝”是“齊”的异体字。齊，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145297940.png是象形字，像三颗（大量）种子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145219362.png同时发芽。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145904081.png像三颗（大量）刚冒出地面的胚芽。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145561389.png承续甲骨文字形，突出了胚芽https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145398117.png下面的直茎https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145848928.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145809611.png写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145809611.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145579115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145873633.png（大量种子同时发芽）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145163521.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145129625.png（相等、相同），强调大量种子萌芽生长节奏的“同步”性。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146856961.png基本承续金文字形，由https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146182401.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145129625.png会义。造字本义：动词，育苗的地面上所有种子同时破土萌芽。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146437141.png有所变形。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“齐”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146433737.png，将篆文字形中的一个“屯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146510423.png写成“文”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146978610.png，将篆文字形中的另外两个“屯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146772544.png简写成两竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146405491.png，并省去篆文字形中的“等号”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021145129625.png。当“齊”的本义消失后，甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146167018.png再加“田”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021146968664.png另造“亝”代替，强调田园中育苗的土地。古籍多以“齊”代替“亝”。种子变成胚芽、生根发芽叫“屯”；大量种子同时萌芽叫“齐”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：齊，禾麥吐穗上平也。象形。凡亝之屬皆从亝。
附二白话版《说文解字》：齐，禾麦吐穗时穗子上端处于同一高度。象形。所有与亝相关的字，都采用“亝”作边旁。

5.敦：“惇”是“敦”的异体字。享，既是声旁也是形旁，是“谆”的省略，表示恳切而耐心劝戒。敦，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847282712.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847455341.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847400275.png（享，即“谆”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847846025.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847521936.png（攴，持械打击），表示恳切劝戒和体罚。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847852626.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，恳切耐心地劝戒勉励，并以体罚的权威督促。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847205978.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847660566.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847278907.png，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847980043.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847490044.png。当“敦”引申出形容词“高标准自律的、厚道的”之后，篆文异体字“惇”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847112549.png用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847791180.png（性情）代替“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105847980043.png，强调“性情敦厚”的含义。现代汉语多以“敦”代替“惇”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：敦，怒也。詆也。一曰誰何也。从攴，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敦，恼怒；诋毁。另一种说法认为，“敦”是诉问的意思。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

6.敏：“敏”是“慜”的本字。每，既是声旁也是形旁，表示女子生育。敏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054399440.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054458459.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054639916.png（每，女子生育）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054988852.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054435806.png（又，抓，用手触摸），表示触动生育的女子。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054621900.png用“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054845133.png代替“每”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054639916.png，用“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054263416.png（持械击打）代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054435806.png（抓），强调外力对怀胎妇女的刺激。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054880709.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054544535.png用“力”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054484910.png代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105054904632.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082518210798.gif综合两款甲骨文字形。造字本义：形容词，孕妇对触摸反应强烈。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082539387098.gif将篆文字形中的“每”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082551606037.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082626223319.gif，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223083308284090.gif写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082638166952.gif。当“敏”引申出形容词“反应迅速、机灵 ”之后，俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082917166180.gif再加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/23/20210223082934679257.gif（感受）另造“慜”代替，强调内心对细微变化的感受力。古籍多以“敏”代替“慜”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：敏，疾也。从攴，每聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敏，动作快捷。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“每”作声旁。
7.成成，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558226042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558470511.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558381282.png（戊，大钺，战具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558305032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png（囗，城邑），钺在城上，表示武力征服一邑一地。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558753551.png将城邑“囗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558506028.png写成一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558170712.png，表示征战结束。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558343412.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558626039.png将金文字形中的“戌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558961242.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558436114.png。造字本义：动词，武力征服，称霸一方。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104558191869.png的“戌”形淡化。
附一文言版《説文解字》：成，就也。从戊，丁聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文成从午。
附二白话版《说文解字》：成，实现，完成。字形采用“戊”作边旁，采用“丁”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“成”，采用“午”作声旁。

8.登豆，既是声旁也是形旁，表示盛器。登，繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830729975.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830836038.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830420982.png（两个“止”，双脚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830239807.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830735407.png（豆，盛器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830239807.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830162795.png（収，两手），表示双手捧着装满祭品的豆器走上祭台，“豆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830735407.png中加一横指事符号，表示豆器内盛满食物。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830850107.png省去双手“収”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830162795.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830933565.png承续繁体甲骨文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830331799.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830839597.png承续简体甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，手捧装满丰收粮食的盛器，走上祭台敬献神灵。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830686480.png将篆文字形中的双“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830619259.png写成“癶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105830127737.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：登，上車也。从癶、豆。象登車形。data:image/png;base64,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，籀文登，从収。
附二白话版《说文解字》：登，上车。字形采用“癶、豆”会义。像踏板登车的样子。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“登”字，字形采用“収”作边旁。
9.昔昔，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221445284.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221609510.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221442936.png（是“川”的横写，代表波涛汹涌的洪水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221836626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221663113.png（日，时间），表示洪荒时代。有的甲骨文颠倒上下结构。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221547820.png将三道波浪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221442936.png简写成两道波浪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221698352.png。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221506239.png将两道三峰、多峰的波浪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221698352.png简写成两道双峰的波浪https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221173642.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221522660.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221825012.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221991031.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221641908.png误将两道双峰的波浪形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221762716.png写成两个“冰”（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221926887.png）形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221747913.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221473054.png则误将金文字形中两个“冰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221365004.png的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221747913.png写成两个“羊头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221693194.png的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221447731.png。造字本义：名词，发生千年不遇罕见大洪荒的远古时代。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221864254.png将篆文字形中两个“羊头”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221447731.png草写成“共头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221405229.png。经过漫长演变，甲骨文字形中的汹涌波涛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221442936.png变成了隶书字形中的“共头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221405229.png，波形消失，面目全非。在甲骨文中，纵写的水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221750880.png 为山崖披挂而下的“岩泉”；横写的水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221539596.png为波涛汹涌的洪水；波涛https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221539596.png的一半https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015221240817.png为静止而不流动的水，即冰。“古” 是传说中难以追述的久远时代，“昔”是发生大洪荒的远古时代，“古”比“昔”更遥远。
附一文言版《説文解字》：昔，乾肉也。从殘肉，日以晞之。與俎同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：昔，干肉。字形用殘肉状的data:image/png;base64,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作边旁，日字边表示用太阳晒干这些残肉。“昔”字用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，跟“俎”字采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁的字理相同。

10.古：口，既是声旁也是形旁，表示言说。古，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828640943.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828152651.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828217415.png（口，言说）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828781641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png（十，极多），表示无数代先人口口相传的久远时代。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828677523.png再加一个“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828325343.png（言说），强调“古”的“传说”含义。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828414115.png将甲骨文字形中由一竖表示的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828794019.png写成一竖加一点的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828685097.png将一竖加一点的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828719188.png写成一竖一横的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828788227.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828977006.png将“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022828600851.png写成“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829583134.png（言说），强调“古”与“言说”的关系。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829349920.png在“古”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829725623.png的字形基础上加“三十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829891485.png，极力强调传说年代之漫长。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829116127.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，在漫长的过去岁月中被一代代传说的久远时代。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022829166048.png承续篆文字形。古籍中常“古昔”并用，“古”是传说中难以追述的久远时代，“昔”是发生大洪荒的远古时代，“古”比“昔”更遥远。
附一文言版《説文解字》：古，故也。从十、口。識前言者也。凡古之屬皆从古。
附二白话版《说文解字》：古，故旧。字形采用“十、口”会义。表示能记忆先人圣语的人。所有与古相关的字，都采用“古”作边旁。

翻译：在洪荒洪水的远古时代的黄帝，生下来便是可以通晓天地、与天地沟通的神灵之人，身体还柔弱幼小之时就可以鼓舌说话，幼年便思维敏捷、理解事物如春芽齐齐破土般迅速，长大到长出须发的年龄时敦厚诚恳又非常敏锐，成年后便可以祭拜天地。

【乃问于天师曰：余闻上古之人，春秋皆度百岁，而动作不衰；今时之人，年半百而动作皆衰者。时世异耶？人将失之耶？】
1.师 “https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919301296.png”是“師”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919301296.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919450465.png是象形字，字形像古代兵符，像是圆块https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919654688.png中的一部分https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919664532.png。古代朝廷将刻有虎、狮等图案的圆形玉块https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919654688.png，切割成裂纹不规则的两块或几块https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919450465.png，部分留在朝庭，部分放在地方或军队，朝廷和军队均以所持兵符能否吻合来检验兵权和调动权的真伪。这种有图案的残块是最早的“兵符”。有的甲骨文加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919221090.png”写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919708176.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919138889.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919428737.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919709067.png，残块兵符）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919832499.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919270837.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919221090.png，兽尾制成的帽饰或表示权力的道具），表示代表军队最高指挥权的兵符、和表明军中最高指挥者身份的虎豹彪尾帽饰，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920921176.png是“尾”的简写（参见“帀”）。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920986773.png误将表示兽尾的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919221090.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919270837.png写成“帀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920256002.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920820155.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920296855.png误将金文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919709067.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920113266.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920194108.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920546232.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920167355.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920476634.png。造字本义：名词，古代检验军权的兵符。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920444836.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920194108.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920546232.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919709067.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920496343.png ，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920476634.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920142437.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920645948.png承续篆文字形，将正体楷书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920266014.png中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919709067.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920247790.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920194108.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920697274.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920571696.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920818457.png，将正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104919709067.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104920247790.png简化成两竖https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/9/12/20200912065056443411.gif。
附一文言版《説文解字》：師，二千五百人爲師。从帀，从data:image/png;base64,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。
附二白话版《说文解字》：师，军队编制单位，二千五百人组成一个师。字形采用“帀、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。

2.度 https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636846154.png，既是声旁也是形旁，是“庶”省略，即为“庶”的上半部，表示石块。度，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636711549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636565234.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636725813.png（石，即“庶”的省略，石块、石料）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636968707.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636165749.png（又，抓持、测量），表示建筑施工时设计师或石匠测量、评估石料。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636584256.png将甲骨文字形中“庶”的省略https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636725813.png写成“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636617828.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636817973.png。造字本义：动词，测量、评估石料。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636978834.png将篆文字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636617828.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636817973.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636662846.png，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636521436.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636967623.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：度，法制也。从又，庶省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：度，法制所依据的标准。字形采用“又”作边旁，采用省略了“四点底”的“庶”作声旁。

3.衰 “衰”是“蓑”的本字。衰，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739487559.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739206997.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png（衣领）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739670286.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png（大量向下披垂的棕毛），字形像领口之下棕毛下垂的服装。棕片由数层棕丝天然网织而成，末端是棕毛，它质地轻飘，疏而不漏，耐潮耐湿；古人将棕毛朝下的棕片连缀成“棕衣”，亦即俗称的“蓑衣”；雨水打在棕衣上时被数层“棕网”遮挡，并顺着棕丝和棕毛下淌到地上，穿蓑人可保干爽不湿，加之棕衣轻便，人们可以穿蓑在雨中劳作。穿蓑传统在当代部分农村地区仍有保留。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739502400.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739383157.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png，表示“领口”；将金文分开书写的两个“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739975065.png连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739898939.png，强调带棕毛的棕片被“连缀”成衣。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723325.png将籀文字形中的“领口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739981431.png明确写成“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739394535.png。造字本义：名词，用耐潮、耐湿的棕片缝制的雨衣。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png误将棕毛披垂的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739773248.png（似“冄”非“冄”）写成“口”加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739136649.png，导致“衰”的字形面目全非，“蓑衣”本义线索消失。有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739887532.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739723771.png；有的楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739233850.png承续隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105739527716.png。当“衰”的“蓑衣”本义消失后，再加“卄”（草）另造“蓑”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：衰，艸雨衣。秦謂之萆。从衣，象形。data:image/png;base64,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，古文衰。
附二白话版《说文解字》：衰，用草纺织的雨衣。这种雨衣在秦地叫作“萆”。字形采用“衣”作边旁，data:image/png;base64,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，像雨衣的样子。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“衰”字。

4.今 “今”是“吟”的本字。今，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837645511.png是特殊指事字，字形是“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837854455.png的倒写，表示头朝下说话。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837622488.png在倒写的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837585112.png下面再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837390887.png，写成倒写的“曰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837118933.png。“曰”表示抬头朝明确的对象说话；倒“曰”为“今”，“今”表示低头模模糊糊地自言自语。倒写、反写是古代特殊的指事造字法。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837767467.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837515826.png将短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837390887.png写成折笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837603983.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022837340368.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，低头吟语。当“今”的“低吟”本义消失后，篆文再加“口”另造“吟”、加“口”另造“含”、加“心”另造“念”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：今，是時也。从亼从乁。乁，古文及。
附二白话版《说文解字》：今，此时此刻。字形采用“亼、乁”会义。乁，这是古文写法的“及”。

5.时止，既是声旁也是形旁，是“趾”的本字，表示行进。時，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143520089.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143764170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（止，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143563386.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143363050.png（日，太阳），表示太阳运行。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png将甲骨文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090352342625.gif（趾）写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143226800.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143629064.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427090852720191.gif将籀文字形的上下结构调整成左右结构，并加“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/28/20200428010159461343.gif（抓持），表示力图抓住易逝的光阴。造字本义：名词，太阳运行的节奏，季节。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143993975.png将篆文字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091144101454.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png，将篆文字形中的“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/4/27/20200427091044628444.gif（趾）写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“时”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143718504.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143216774.png删减字件“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143219863.png，将正体楷书字形中的“寺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143395355.png简化成“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015143440102.png。四季为“时”；一天为“日”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：時，四時也。从日，寺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：时，四季。字形采用“日”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

6.世
“世”的字源解说我评站长的解说： 1分2分3分4分5分

网友总评： 3.6分

“丗、卋、世”是“卅”的异体字。十，既是声旁也是形旁，表示传统数学进制的满数，九加一之和。卅，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115616149.png是特殊指事字，字形在三道表示“十”的竖线指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115746760.png下面再加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115860973.png，表示三个“十”相连相加，三十。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115158078.png在甲骨文字形中的竖笔指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115887371.png上加一圆点指事符号，写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115429974.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115454948.png将三竖笔画上的圆点连写成一横。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png写成由三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115391895.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115597134.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115714321.png构成的会义字，明确“三十”的含义。隶书“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png将篆文字形中的三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115391895.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115597134.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115714321.png连写成“卅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115769522.png，并在第一个“十”的竖笔上加一折笔，写成“七”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115330878.png。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115434637.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115158078.png：在三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115152230.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115436291.png，表示三个十相加。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115117034.png简化字形，写成三个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115962172.png相连的结构。楷书异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115680224.png写成一个“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115424747.png和一个“廿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115615694.png。由于“卅”的金文异体字“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115783011.png误将甲骨文字形中表示三个“十”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115616149.png写成“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115755376.png，“卅”的字形分由此化出篆文的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115948633.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png和篆文的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115190083.png；篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115948633.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115200757.png隶化后楷书写成“卅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115117034.png，篆文“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115296566.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115190083.png未见相应的隶书和楷书字形，隶书字形“世”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115680441.png是隶书字形“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png的演变发展；楷书异体字“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115812126.png是隶书字形“丗”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115792748.png的楷化；楷书异体字“卋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115362847.png是隶书字形“卋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111115434637.png的楷化。造字本义：数词，三十。古籍多以“世”代替“丗”和“卋”。现代汉语多以双音词“三十”代替单音单字的“卅”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：世，三十年爲一世。从卅而曳長之。亦取其聲也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：世，三十年算作一世。字形采用“”作字形根，通过拉长一竖而成。同时也采用作声旁。

7.异巳，既是声旁也是形旁，表示胎儿。异，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125286024.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125476118.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png（巳，胎儿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125804660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png（双手抱持），表示手抱婴儿。造字本义：动词，送养或遗弃不正常的婴儿。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125348571.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125786522.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125177829.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125678844.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024125125460.png。由于“异”和“異”字形相似、字义相近，古籍常常将“异”和“異”相互假借。《汉字简化方案》用“异”合并代替“異”。“尤”是抓持过多食物；“奇”是中原人所罕见的骑马代步；“特”是祭祀时牺牲专用的小公牛；“异”是不正常的婴儿。
附一文言版《説文解字》：异，舉也。从廾，㠯聲。《虞書》曰：“岳曰：异哉！”
附二白话版《说文解字》：异，推举。字形采用“廾”作边旁，采用“㠯”作声旁。《虞书》上说：“诸侯长说，推举他吧！”

8.失失，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632754016.png在手“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632679430.png上加一捺指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632995410.png，表示手未抓牢。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632414717.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手未抓牢而丢落。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632303721.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632214926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023632125143.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：失，縱也。从手，乙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：失，放手、脱手而不能控制。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“乙”作声旁。
翻译：于是黄帝就问可传达天意的老师岐伯：我听闻上古时期的人，年龄可以活过百岁，行走劳动都不衰退；现在这个时代的人，年龄过半百就行走劳作都衰退了。是时代抛弃了人吗？还是人丢失了什么的原因。

【岐伯对曰：上古之人，其知道者，法于阴阳，知（和）于术数，食饮有节，起居有常，不妄作劳，故能形与神俱，而尽终其天年，度百岁乃去。今时之人不然也，以酒为浆，以妄为常，醉以入房，以欲竭其精，以耗散其真。不知持满，不时御神，务快其心，逆于生乐，起居无节，故半百而衰也。】
正音查字：
1.法 “法”是“灋”的异体字。灋，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615192751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615659578.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615526178.png（去，离开住地，代表为生存所进行的各种生产、社会活动）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615326248.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615839062.png（水，柔软、流动，无所抗拒又无坚不克的物质）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615326248.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615999764.png（廌，轻盈灵巧的动物），表示古代参天察地的高人在野外活动时，从流水顺其自然的特性、麋鹿等动物的灵巧自由中，领悟到符合自然规律的生存之道。道家思想相信“上善若水”，认为水的特质代表了自然的本质精神。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615641605.png将金文字形的混合结构，调整成上下结构。简体篆文“法”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615668154.png省去“廌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615231577.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615281654.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615993379.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615911717.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615853220.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020615419332.png。楷书异体字“法”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/30/20191230114748920488.gif承续简体篆文字形，将篆文字形中的“去”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/30/20191230114817984445.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2019/12/30/20191230114801360002.gif。造字本义：名词，人类从水、鹿等自然中领悟并践行的生存之道，即暗合宇宙万物的本质精神、天人合一、顺其自然的最高行事准则。在道家思想观念中，“道”代表宇宙万物和谐运行的本质规律；“法”代表人类天人合一、顺其自然的最高行事准则。
附一文言版《説文解字》：灋，刑也。平之如水，从水；廌，所以触不直者，去之，从去。法，今文省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：灋，刑法。量刑标准平得像水面一样，因此字形采用“水”作边旁；廌，是用来在疑犯中撞触不正直真犯的动物，判别出真犯后将其除灭，所以字形也采用“去”作边旁。“法”，今天文字的写法省去“廌”。

2.和 “和”是“龢”的简化异体字；“訸”是“和”的异体字。禾，既是声旁也是形旁，表示禾本植物，即空心的竹管或芦管。龢，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054516130713.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023604250916.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054529214008.gif（侖，即“龠”，吹奏排笛）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023604810418.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054537559259.gif（禾，竹管），表示吹奏竹管或芦管制成的排笛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054552421039.gif将甲骨文字形中的“侖”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054529214008.gif写成“龠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054615488064.gif，将甲骨文字形中的“禾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054537559259.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054627532257.gif。简体金文“和”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621055129265448.gif省去“龠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054615488064.gif的中下部分https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621055202495071.gif，写成“口、禾”会义的结构，淡化乐器的意义，强调“开口表达不同观点”的意义，相当于将甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054516130713.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621055626925571.gif，或将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054552421039.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621055215137408.gif，或将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621054921833185.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621055920696633.gif。篆文“和”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063032718033.gif承续简体金文字形。造字本义：动词，言论、观点不同，但主调合拍，宗旨一致。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063125285401.gif将篆文字形中的“禾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063157515560.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063205765719.gif。金文异体字“訸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063540141992.gif用“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063626350113.gif（说话）代替“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/6/21/20200621063818327152.gif（说话），进一步强调“言论观点不同，而总体思想协调一致”的含义。古籍多以“和”代“龢”与“訸”。现代汉语常“和谐”并用，“和”与“谐”近义而有所不同：“和”示不同声音、不同观点因相合拍、相融合而产生共鸣，强调诸异而致同；“谐”表示相同的声音、相同的观点因一致而统一，强调诸同而大同。“和”的统一性比“谐”更为丰富。
附一文言版《説文解字》：和，相譍也。从口，禾聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：和，言论相呼应。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“禾”作声旁。

3.数數，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043147908.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043574220.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043237156.png（双手，表示体罚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043476550.png（人，代表受罚者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043477391.png（目，代表脸）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043325264.png（言，表示责骂），表示列举孩子的错误，并加以体罚、教训。诅楚文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043857170.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043574220.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043134017.png（双手，体罚）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043165690.png（人，代表受罚者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043119131.png（今，即“吟”和“念”的本字，念念有词）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043369706.png（女，妇人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043216523.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043318124.png（攴，持械打击），表示对犯有过错的妇女念念有词地责骂，进行体罚。在男权占优势的社会，妇女是常常受罚的弱势群体。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043352537.png误将诅楚文的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043382830.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043414907.png。造字本义：动词，列举过错，并加以惩罚。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043988976.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043913670.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043891172.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043673749.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043842618.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“数”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043445467.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书的“婁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043891172.png写成“娄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111043951655.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：數，計也。从攴，婁聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：数，计算。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“娄”作声旁。

4.节即，既是声旁也是形旁，表示就餐。節，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927973057.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927111663.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927521851.png（竹，竹子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927274920.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927955095.png（即，就餐），表示竹制餐具，带结的一截竹子。像一些陶器（如缶）作为打击乐器一样，远古时代的竹碗也被作为打击乐器。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927357167.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，远古时代用于进餐盛具的竹碗，以竹结为天然碗底。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927702889.png将篆文字形中的“竹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927579838.png连写成“草头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927485567.png，表示“节”的植物属性。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927432920.png将篆文字形中的“竹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927846573.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927796560.png，将篆文字形中的“即”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927591917.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927167868.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“节”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927496491.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927488208.png，将正体楷书字形中的“即”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927167868.png省略成“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021927781850.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：節，竹約也。从竹，即聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：节，竹结。字形采用“竹”作边旁，采用“即”作声旁。

5.常 “裳”是“常”的异体字。尚，既是声旁也是形旁，表示崇尚的、流行的。常，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728754666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728429754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728676909.png（尚，崇尚、流行）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728731777.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728235887.png（巾，布），表示人们崇尚的服饰。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728888989.png将金文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png。篆文异体字“裳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728298470.png用“衣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728494429.png代替“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728582096.png。造字本义：名词，古代长期流行的服饰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728289099.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728482805.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105728897601.png。古代称连体裙为“裳”，称长裙为“常”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：常，下帬也。从巾，尚聲。裳，常或从衣。
附二白话版《说文解字》：常，下身穿的衣裙。字形采用“巾”作边旁，采用“尚”作声旁。裳，这是“常”的异体字，字形采用“衣”作边旁。

6.妄亡，既是声旁也是形旁，通“无”，表示缺乏、没有。妄，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103985158.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103903946.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103899044.png（亡，即“无”，表示无知）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103113609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103223518.png（女，妇人），表示妇人之见无理无据。在男尊女卑的封建时代，女性普遍被剥夺教育权利，被鼓励以无知为德，也被普遍认为是无知、无理的弱者。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103510591.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，男尊女卑的男权社会对妇女的贬低，认为妇女没有见识，常常言行无理无据。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103332195.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103807746.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103290858.png，将篆文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103752483.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105103415887.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：妄，亂也。从女，亡聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：妄，无理乱来。字形采用“女”作边旁，采用“亡”作声旁。

7.俱 “具”是“俱”的本字。具，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837519269.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837882056.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837479278.png（双手，持举）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837840427.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837564188.png（鼎，既是祭器也是高级饮食器皿），表示为招待客人拿出高级饮食器皿。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837551264.png误将甲骨文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837564188.png写成“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837606653.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837553063.png又误将金文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837606653.png写成“目”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837847115.png。造字本义：动词，拿出高贵的饮食器皿铜鼎来宴请佳宾，意即准备齐全，招待贵宾。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837986941.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837932028.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837103886.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837540934.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837434880.png。当“具”的常用动词含义引申为“持有、拥有”后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104837822751.png再加“人”另造“俱”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：俱，偕也。从人，具聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：俱，共同，一起。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“具”作声旁。

8.尽盡，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145146967.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145624593.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145549823.png（皿，食物用完后空的盛器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145279973.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145733459.png（又，抓持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145279973.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145225996.png（毛，毛刷），表示吃完盛器中的食物后用毛刷清洁盛器。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145957381.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145549823.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145636626.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145148196.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145149120.png，误将甲骨文字形中的“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145225996.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145901620.png，下部写成“火”形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145426552.png，“毛”形消失。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145121056.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，手持毛刷清洁食物被完全吃完后的盛器。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145680754.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145908909.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145734357.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145625507.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145933123.png。狂草字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145324171.png将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145234098.png略写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145344298.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145387678.png略写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145487371.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“尽”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145876342.png，则将狂草字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145644502.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145344298.png楷化成“尺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145253412.png，将狂草字形中的“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145487371.png楷化成两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105145520808.png。《汉字简化方案》用“盡（尽）”合并“儘（侭）”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：盡，器中空也。从皿，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：尽，盛器内的东西被全部掏空。字形采用“皿”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

9.终 “冬”是“终”的本字。冬，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127270147.png为象形字，像在纪事的绳子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127928625.png的两端打结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127326811.png（参见“系”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127967438.png），表示记录终结。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127718923.png将实心的绳结https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127326811.png写成空心的小圈https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127118163.png，突出“终结”形象。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127133624.png将两端的绳结移到中间。当https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127270147.png的“终结”本义消失后，有的金文写成会义字：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127917279.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127907677.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127126292.png（终结）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127520201.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127964965.png（日，时间），表示一个纪时周期的结束，即年终的季节。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127513552.png将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127133624.png中的两个绳结相连成直线，写成与“牢”相似的字形。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127674004.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127917279.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127876074.png省去籀文字形中的“日”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127964965.png，同时加“仌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127147845.png（冰），突出年终下霜结冰的季候特征。当“冬”的“终结”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127833910.png再加“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127367629.png（结绳）另造“终”代替。造字本义：动词，一个结绳纪事主题的完成。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127106891.png将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127247812.png，将篆文字形中的写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127983970.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“终”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127484865.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127247812.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105127843542.png。古人根据四季的特征与节奏，总结出天人合一、顺其自然的养生之道：春生，夏长，秋收，冬藏。
附一文言版《説文解字》：終，絿絲也。从糸，冬聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文终字。
附二白话版《说文解字》：终，将丝线缠紧。字形采用“糸”作边旁，采用“冬”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“终”字。

10.竭曷，既是声旁也是形旁，是“揭”的省略，表示掀开、打开遮盖物。竭，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856501686.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856512710.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856420984.png（立，站着）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856548803.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856241668.png（曷，即“揭”，掀开、打开遮盖物），表示蹲着发力，掀到站立。造字本义：动词，用尽全力由蹲而立，将重物掀起。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856740124.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856420984.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856252977.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856241668.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105856660035.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：竭，負舉也。从立，曷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：竭，揹举。字形采用“立”作边旁，采用“曷”作声旁。

11.耗毛，既是声旁也是形旁，表示野草。耗，甲金篆隶字形暂缺，楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659353754.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659610047.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659316963.png（耒，耙子）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659272616.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021659714432.png（毛，野草），表示用耙子耙草。推测造字本义：动词，用耙子等锄草农具在庄稼地里除草。
12.持“寺”是“持”的本字。寺，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434363963.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434109129.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434946416.png（之，止，不动）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434671598.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434104041.png（又，手，表示持握），表示持守、维护、控制。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434285954.png以“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434210780.png代替“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434104041.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434746009.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434720300.png（邑），表示辅政官员聚集的地方。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434626872.png加“邑”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434964980.png（都邑），表示“寺”是设在都城供官员暂住的地方。秦代前后称都城接待官员的地方为“寺”；汉代开始亦将接待西来高僧的地方称为“寺”。当“寺”的“维护、持守”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434759762.png加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434635335.png另造“持”代替。造字本义：动词，保守，维护，控制。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434953799.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434635335.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434449322.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434409313.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104434794438.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：持，握也。从手，寺聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：持，抓握。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“寺”作声旁。

13.满 https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732165155.png，既是声旁也是形旁，表示均匀，平均。滿，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732826770.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732551762.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225082021883731.gif（水，容器里的水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732938182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732216628.png（㒼，均匀），表示水充斥每一处。造字本义：动词，容器内液体饱和。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732248760.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/25/20200225082021883731.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732783491.png，将篆文字形中的“㒼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732216628.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732827707.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“满”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732499912.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“㒼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732827707.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020732291941.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：滿，盈溢也。从水，㒼聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：满，液体达到器皿容量而外溢。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“㒼”作声旁。

14.御御，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137471874.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137203640.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137672508.png（人，驯马者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137608931.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137969524.png（丝，缰绳），表示用缰绳驯服和控制不羁的马。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137421183.png加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137511961.png（持械击打），表示驯马服役。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137622157.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137981352.png（行进），强调驯马是为了长距离的行进移动。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137303613.png误将甲骨文字形中的“丝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137969524.png（缰绳）写成“午”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137881172.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137792396.png将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137394615.png形写成“卩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137301206.png，“人”形模糊；同时加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137430224.png（行进），强调驾马骑行。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137752158.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，驯服马匹，握缰骑行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137999193.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137584747.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137464067.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137584270.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111137456322.png。“禦”是对“御”的比喻，含义全然不同，但古籍中多假借“御”代替“禦”，或将“禦”与“御”相混用。
附一文言版《説文解字》：御，使馬也。从彳，从卸。馭，古文御从又从馬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：御，驾驭马匹。字形采用“彳、卸”会义。“驭”，古文的“御”采用“又、马”会义。

15.务務，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651710189.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651134608.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651475926.png（矛，武器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651866175.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651290886.png（攴，持械攻击）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651866175.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651969297.png（力，竭力），表示竭力攻击。造字本义：动词，战场上持械竭力搏杀。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651662429.png将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651290886.png写成反“夂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651626621.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651475926.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651379158.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651969297.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651361936.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“务”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651524692.png，省去正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104651675898.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：務，趣也。从力，敄聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：务，为使命而奔忙。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“敄”作声旁。

16.逆 “屰”是“逆”的本字。屰，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042958043.png是特殊指事字，是“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042452818.png（成年人）的倒写，表示倒行、逆行，与自己的行进方向相反。当“屰”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042167801.png再加“止”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042321744.png另造“逆”代替，或https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042398202.png加“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042787143.png（行进），或甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042600240.png加“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042262352.png（行进），强调行进方向相反。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042156800.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042673225.png误将金文字形中倒写的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042316981.png写成“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042652642.png字加一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042514472.png的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042472987.png。造字本义：动词，双方方向相反地相向而行，与“相从”相反。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042261838.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042320671.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042826336.png，将篆文字形中的“屰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042305820.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042945343.png。古籍多以“逆”代替“屰”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：逆，迎也。从辵，屰聲。關東曰逆，關西曰迎。
附二白话版《说文解字》：逆，相向迎面而行。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“屰”作声旁。同一动作，在关东叫“逆”，在关西叫“迎”。

17.浆：漿，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657911535.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657943271.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657257432.png（床，借代病患者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657500328.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658834490.png（水，代表饮品），表示照顾病患者的饮品。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658245856.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657943271.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658194237.png（“将”的省略，表示扶持、照顾）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020657500328.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658578073.png（水，汤汁），强调用流质食物照顾卧床休养者。造字本义：名词，专为卧床的老幼或病人调制的流质营养食物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658294199.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658194237.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658511618.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658578073.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658610928.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“浆”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658410414.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658533745.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020658874866.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：漿，本作將，酢漿也。一曰水米汁相將也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：浆，原本定作“将”，即酢浆。一种说法认为，“浆”是水、米、汁酵配成浆的。

翻译：岐伯回答说：上古时期的人，他们是知天道的人，从自然法则天地阴阳中悟出道理，并效法，做事合和于术数，饮食有节制，起居有规律，不毫无根据劳动做事，因此能够形神统一，从而尽享天年，活过百岁才死去。现今的人则不是这样，他们以酒作为流质的食物，将无理无据没有常识作为常态，喝醉后行房，让欲望耗竭自己的精气，因此而耗散了自己的真气。不懂得保持精气的充足，不按时律控制自己的精神，让其过度消耗，竭力只为了让自己的心满足，与生命本身的乐趣相违背，起居无规律，所以五十岁左右就衰老了。

【夫上古圣人之教也，下皆为之。虚邪贼风，避之有时，恬惔虚无，真气从之，精神内守，病安从来？是以志闲而少欲，心安而不惧，形劳而不倦。气从以顺，各从其欲，皆得所愿。故美其食，任其服，乐其俗，高下不相慕，其民故自朴。是以嗜欲不能劳其目，淫邪不能惑其心。愚智贤不肖，不惧于物，故合于道。所以能年皆度百岁而动作不衰者，以其德全不危故也。】
正音查字：
1.教：教，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724289437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724793755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724113494.png（爻，算筹）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724635880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724726563.png（子，孩童）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724635880.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724302179.png（攴，手持鞭子、棍杖），表示体罚学子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724723872.png省去“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724726563.png。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724514758.png用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724832801.png代“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724302179.png，强调“教”者引导、启发蒙童的心智。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724598248.png承续金文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724157374.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，用体罚手段训导孩子作算术。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724925621.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724151407.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724496833.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724266330.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105724576380.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：敎，上所施下所效也。从攴，从data:image/png;base64,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。凡教之屬皆从教。data:image/png;base64,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，古文教。data:image/png;base64,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，亦古文敎。
附二白话版《说文解字》：教，在上的操作，在下的效仿。字形采用“攴、data:image/png;base64,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”会义。所有与教相关的字，都采用“教”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“教”字。data:image/png;base64,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，这

2.下：“丅”是“下”的异体字。下，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png是特殊指事字，字形由两横构成，顶端一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/17/20210617030309859013.gif较长，底端的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/6/17/20210617030317388512.gif较短。古人用一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png代表混沌太初状态；用两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png（二，由两个“一”组成，两横一样长）代表从混沌太初中分化出来的、相并列的天与地。古人调整表示天与地、等长的两横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230122422.png，以短横方向表示朝天、或朝地的方向。甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230147841.png将表示“天”的顶端横线写得较短，表示天、或朝天的方向；甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140981551.png将表示“地”的底端横线写成得较短，表示地、或朝地的方向。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png承续甲骨文字形。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png为区别于数目字“二”，在两横之间加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230978137.png，以显示纵的方向。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230842678.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，与天相对的地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230635098.png承续金文字形。籀文异体字“丄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230924770.png综合两款金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230353918.png，将金文字形顶端https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230162915.png的短横的短横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015230484515.png写成竖线https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015140180668.png。古籍多以“下”代替“丅”。“上”的本义为天，“下”的本义为地。
附一文言版《説文解字》：丅，底也。指事。下，篆文丅。
附二白话版《说文解字》：丅，底部。这是指事字。下，篆文写法的“丅”字。

3.贼：則，既是声旁也是形旁，表示铭刻在青铜钟鼎上的律法、章程。賊，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023006255152.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148391115.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023021560417.gif（戈，武器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148840670.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023037279479.gif（則，铭刻在青铜钟鼎上的律法、章程），表示武力行事，践踏律法。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023127445233.gif将金文字形中的“則”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023037279479.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023338168595.gif。造字本义：动词，军人依仗武力威胁，冒天下之大不韪，公然破坏道统或律法，篡夺政权。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023234447134.gif误将篆文字形“則”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023338168595.gif、“戈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023901535037.gif会义的结构，写成“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023539325552.gif、“戎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023549917826.gif会义的结构。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148184693.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/3/4/20200304023539325552.gif简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111148504609.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賊，敗也。从戈，則聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贼，败坏道统或律法。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“则”作声旁。
附三网友坐看云起的观点：“贼”字是“戈”和“则”组成，原意可能是指用武力改变规则，而不是偷的意思。
4.避：辟，既是声旁也是形旁，表示杀头。避，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817182609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817483628.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817865376.png（彳，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817269565.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817835770.png（辟，杀头），表示为躲死难而逃亡。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817685182.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817151406.png将金文字形中的“彳”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817162586.png写成“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png。造字本义：动词，为躲刑戳或战乱而逃离是非之地。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817157037.png将篆文字形中的“辵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817886187.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817793269.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817513240.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105817574212.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：避，回也。从辵，辟聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：避，迂迴绕开。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“辟”作声旁。

5.恬舌，既是声旁也是形旁，是“甜”的省略，表示如蜜的味觉快感。恬，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825999570.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825618657.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825443388.png（心）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825706091.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825170679.png（舌，“甜”省略），表示甜在心里。造字本义：形容词，内心怡然甜美。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825534676.png将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825443388.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825360931.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825170679.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825695227.png。楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825958789.png将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825360931.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104825711279.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：恬，安也。从心，甛省聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：恬，内心安静。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用省略了“甘”的“甜”作声旁。

6.病“疒”是“病”的本字。丙，既是声旁也是形旁，是“抦”的省略，表示持举、抓握。疒，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819686407.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819107934.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819102713.png（人，患者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819569095.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819635904.png（水，汗液）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819569095.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819677087.png（爿，木床），表示病人躺在床上发汗。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819238991.png用“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819685886.png（孕妇）代替“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819102713.png，表示孕妇长期卧床。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819865001.png省去汗水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819635904.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819810453.png将甲骨文字形中的孕妇形象“身”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819685886.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819275968.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819673226.png简化字形，写成指事字，在“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819218684.png（病床）上加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819443207.png，表示病卧在床。当“疒”成为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819508806.png再加既是声旁也是形旁的“丙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819714003.png（“抦”的省略，持举、抓握）另造“病”代替，表示手握床铺的栏杆，勉强站立、行走，即失去独立生活能力，依赖床铺过日子。造字本义：动词，健康不佳而卧床休养。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819295473.png将篆文字形中的“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819673226.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819790318.png，将篆文字形中的“丙”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819714003.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105819597064.png。古人称外伤为“疾”，称内患为“病”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：病，疾加也。从疒，丙聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：病，疾痛加重后形成的症状。字形采用“疒”作边旁，采用“丙”作声旁。

7.闲閑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128554893.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128822412.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128182485.png（門，房门）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128271147.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128488715.png（木，木屏），表示遮挡房门视线的木屏。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128599629.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，古代王公贵族立在房门与卧床之间、遮挡房门视线、保护卧室隐私的木屏。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128418905.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128879058.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128735187.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128647063.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128799200.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“闲”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128853853.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“門”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128722392.png简化成“门”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111128454696.png。古籍有时假借“閑”代替“閒”。《汉字简化方案》用“閑”合并代替字形相近、读音相同的“閒”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：閑，闌也。从門中有木。
附二白话版《说文解字》：闲，门欄。字形采用“门、木”会义，表示门中有木。

8.少 “小”、“少”同源，后分化。少，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907916201.png在指事字“小”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907476383.png（沙子）字上再加一点指事符号，表示“小”的相关特征。造字本义：形容词，规模小的，数量不多的。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907626888.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907144290.png为区别于“小”，将底部的一点写成撇“丿”。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015907260541.png承续金文字形。
附一文言版《説文解字》：少，不多也。从小，丿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：少，不多。字形采用“小”作边旁，采用“丿”作声旁。
9.惧“惧”是“瞿”的本字；“瞿”是“懼”（惧）的本字。目，既是声旁也是形旁，表示动物的眼。惧，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901166571.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901661843.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901727318.png（像鹰眼，瞳孔大的锐眼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901735874.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901495879.png（像鹰眼，瞳孔大的锐眼），表示鹰眼锐利，令人生畏。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901408572.png将鹰眼状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901495879.png写成人目状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901435324.png。当“惧”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901981968.png加“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901969320.png（鹰隼）另造“瞿”代替，表示肉食性猛禽双眼锐利，令人畏惧。当“瞿”的本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901614853.png再加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901964998.png（恐慌）另造“懼”（惧）代替，强调“害怕”的心理含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901906509.png调整成左右结构。造字本义：形容词，鹰隼攫取的眼光令人生畏。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901244533.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901507079.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901162223.png。《汉字简化方案》用“具”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901682836.png代替近音的“瞿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901162223.png，将正体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901244533.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104901726352.png。古籍多以“瞿”或“懼”（惧）代替“惧”。“惧”是深度不安；“惮”是深度惧怕。
附一文言版《説文解字》：懼，恐也。从心，瞿聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：惧，恐慌。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“瞿”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“惧”。
10.顺川，既是声旁也是形旁，表示水流。順，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155529665.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155402416.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155849853.png（川，水流）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155991203.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155746893.png（見，即“頁”，头脑，借代思虑），表示思绪舒畅。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155840182.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155997226.png用“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155304135.png代替“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155746893.png，表示心情舒畅。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155134133.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155958994.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155590622.png。造字本义：形容词，心情舒畅，没有郁结。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155510046.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155590622.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155988293.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“顺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155347507.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155328918.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105155859597.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：順，理也。从頁，从巛。
附二白话版《说文解字》：顺，梳理，使有序。字形采用“页、巛”会义。
11.愿 “愿”是“願”的异体字。原，既是声旁也是形旁，表示本来的、初始的。愿，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159678726.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159203373.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png（元，原本的）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159324149.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159900938.png（心，意志），表示原本的意志。金文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159837511.png用“元”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159303491.png代替“原”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159676010.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159636357.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159720254.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159900938.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159803673.png。造字本义：名词，藏在心中的初始的想法、希望。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159414122.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159720254.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159492024.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159803673.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105159265329.png。由于字形相似、读音相同、字义相近，古籍多以“願”代替“愿”。《汉字简化方案》用“愿”合并“願”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：愿，謹也。从心，原聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：愿，恭谨地表示期许。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“原”作声旁。
12.美美，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952669227.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952135353.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952649656.png（像花枝或草叶）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952638715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952387703.png（大，人），表示头戴花草饰物。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952581734.png把“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952387703.png（人）写成“夫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952423029.png（成年男子束发，并用发簪固定），表示将花草饰物固定在头发上。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952881329.png把花草形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952649656.png写成近似于“華”（花）的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952314961.png，像花环上花草簇集的样子。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952622376.png把甲骨文字形中近似于“華”的花草形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952314961.png写成似“羊”非“羊”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952228363.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952389408.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952228363.png写成“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952722169.png。造字本义：形容词，头戴花环的人，华丽，悦目，好看，漂亮。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952924102.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952722169.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952143067.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952748473.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104952404991.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：美，甘也。从羊，从大。羊在六畜主給膳也。美與善同意。
附二白话版《说文解字》：美，美味，爽口。字形采用“羊、大”会义。羊在六畜之中是提供肉食的主力。“美”与“善”同义。

13.任任，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829357162.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829186833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829518301.png（工，巧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829118630.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829618451.png（人，远古的手工业者），表示能工巧匠。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829630971.png在“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829497003.png的握柄上加圆点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829501247.png，写成“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829364147.png，表示善于巧用器具，有办事能力。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829523779.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，聪明能干，精于办事。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829954735.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829411467.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829931935.png，将篆文字形中的“壬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829688888.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104829412103.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：任，符也。从人，壬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：任，委任状。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“壬”作声旁。

14.服：“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”是“服”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456134144.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456872276.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456990297.png（人，罪人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456103176.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456340109.png（又，抓捕、控制），表示抓捕罪犯。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”作为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456537159.png再加“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（方形木枷）另造“服”代替，强调抓捕罪犯，并用刑枷加以控制。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456225814.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456987742.png误将“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456267826.png（木枷）写成“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456373992.png将金文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456278084.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png，将金文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456349838.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456127232.png误将篆文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456581218.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456873142.png，将篆文字形的“人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456400034.png”写成“卪”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456411888.png，将篆文字形中的“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456813969.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456740293.png，以致字形面目全非。造字本义：动词，抓捕战俘或罪犯，强制上枷，使之屈从。古籍多以“服”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456436040.png”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：服，用也。一曰車右騑，所以舟旋。从舟，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文服字，从人。
附二白话版《说文解字》：服，使用、役使。一种说法认为，“服”是马车右边的骖马，以便马车可以向右周旋。字形采用“舟”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“服”字，字形采用“人”作边旁。

15.俗谷，既是声旁也是形旁，是“欲”的省略。俗，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806703442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806770615.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806688949.png（人，世人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806481257.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806568893.png（谷，即“欲”的省略），表示世人的日常欲求。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806730020.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，有七情六欲的市井凡人。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806111835.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806246407.png写成“单人旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806931544.png，将篆文字形中的“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806397240.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105806865840.png。汉语中常“习俗”并称，词义偏指“俗”：“习”指个体后天养成的行为一贯性偏好，“俗”指群体在一定历史、地理、社会环境中形成的行为一贯性偏好，即“俗”是大众化、历史化的“习”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：俗，習也。从人，谷聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：俗，地方流行的生活习惯。字形采用“人”作边旁，采用“谷”作声旁。
16.慕莫，既是声旁也是形旁，是“暮”的本字，表示天黑、看不见、昏暗。慕，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210954514.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210164956.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210884886.png（莫，即“暮”，看不见、黑暗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210690826.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105210402006.png（心，想念、向往），表示不公开地暗暗想念。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211553208.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，暗暗地想念、向往，未曾公开表达。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211471255.png将篆文字形中的“莫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211186851.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211123430.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211888677.png写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105211873754.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：慕，習也。从心，莫聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：慕，因喜爱而学习、模仿。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“莫”作声旁。
17.朴卜，既是声旁也是形旁，手杖。朴，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355115959.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355109805.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355951491.png（木，树）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355574122.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355323506.png（卜，手杖），表示制杖之木。造字本义：名词，榆科落叶乔木，制杖原料。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355649139.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355951491.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021355836354.png。《汉字简化方案》中“朴”合并“樸”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：朴，木皮也。从木，卜聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：朴，可入药的树皮。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“卜”作声旁。
18.惑或，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不确定。惑，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847413985.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889724.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847718400.png（或，不确定）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847889473.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847185878.png（心）。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847109349.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，心乱，不明确。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847640101.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847596448.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847220689.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847938079.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104847654590.png。“疑”生于对外部的无知，致知即可释疑；“惑”生于内心的混乱，心乱则生于贪欲——“四十不惑”是指人到中年，能够看清自己真正的欲求而得明智。
附一文言版《説文解字》：惑，亂也。从心，或聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：惑，内心迷乱。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“或”作声旁。
19.淫“淫”是“霪”的本字。㸒，既是声旁也是形旁，是“婬”的本字，表示帝王在宫廷中与众多宫女放纵性爱，寻欢无度。淫，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710915671.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105000733642.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/28/20200228115208368683.gif（水，雨水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105000378330.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710345249.png（㸒，即“婬”，放纵性欲），表示降雨放纵，即雨天连绵不断。造字本义：动词，降雨过度，雨天连绵不尽。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710931410.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/28/20200228115208368683.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710817639.png，将篆文字形中的“㸒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710345249.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020710330107.png。由于字形字义相近、字音相同，古籍常假借“淫”（降雨过度）代替“婬”（纵欲过度）。当“淫”被习惯性假借代替“婬”后，俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015300799677.png再加“雨”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015300139532.png另造“霪”代替，强调久雨不停。古籍多假借“淫”代替“婬”和“霪”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：淫，侵淫隨理也。从水，㸒聲。一曰久雨爲淫。
附二白话版《说文解字》：淫，隨其脉理慢慢浸渍。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“㸒”作声旁。一种说法认为，久雨不停为“淫”。
20.肖小，既是声旁也是形旁，表示形体不大。肖，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543640128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543585437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543466822.png（小，形体不大）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543569262.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543406636.png（肉，借代身体），表示形体很小的新生儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543805602.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，父母的小型肉身，即亲生孩子。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104543222427.png将篆文字形中的“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/1/20200201112151755007.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/1/20200201112159127742.gif。
附一文言版《説文解字》：肖，骨肉相似也。从肉，小聲。不似其先，故曰“不肖”也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：肖，上下两代人的体貌相似。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“小”作声旁。有些孩子不像他们的父母，所以就说他们“不肖”。

21.愚禺，既是声旁也是形旁，表示手持面具。愚，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802142669.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802429009.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802745638.png（禺，像手持面具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802263455.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802123405.png（心，困惑），表示戴上面具装神弄鬼，使人困惑。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802461619.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，戴上面具装神弄鬼，使人难以判断共真实面目，故意欺弄不知情者。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802339984.png将篆文字形中的“禺”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802386200.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802468981.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802433958.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802588922.png。未见世面为“蒙”；内心黑暗为“昧”；缺乏心智为“愚”；无知且钝为“蠢”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：愚，戇也。从心，从禺。禺，猴屬，獸之愚者。
附二白话版《说文解字》：愚，痴顽。字形采用“心、禺”会义。禺，属猴类，为兽中顽愚的动物。

22.贤 “臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343949450.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，把控），表示管理官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（钱财，借代国家或地方政府的财政）另造“賢”代替，表示管理官吏与财政。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，德才超群，善于管理人才与财政，富国强民。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343547289.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。古籍多以“贤”代替“臤”。古人称大臣善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。
翻译：所以上古时期对圣人的教导，向下都遵守。那些导致心虚志邪的不正之气，都可以及时避开，清净安闲，无欲无求，真气便可以顺从与身，精气神气都可以牢牢地固守在内，心气安定而不生恐惧，形体劳动作业却不会疲倦。气是顺从跟随的流淌运转，气运流转可以被正欲的引导满足，都能顺遂心愿。因此吃食物觉得甜美，穿衣服觉得舒适，民风习俗也觉得开心，上面和下面的人不会互相羡慕，人民安定内心淳朴。因此过度的嗜好不会干扰劳累他的双目，淫邪之气也不能蛊惑他的内心。愚人、智人、贤人都没有不跟随父母的，不会因外物而恐惧或追求，因此都可以合于天道。所以他们可以活到百岁都行动劳作不衰退，这是因为他们的德气充沛可以牢牢固守住道而不偏颇。

心得：这几段读的我心底难受，那种感觉像是，无力的丧失。这种感觉是什么呢，人类的进步史是一步退化史。某一天开始，人类种族诞生原初的那些本能性的生命力量，变成了玄学，对于天道自然的感受，变成了遥不可及的玄学。黄帝内经上古天真论，从黄帝问岐伯起，那是已经开始忧于当时的今人为何年半百而动作皆衰，以那个时代为基准的上古之人已是百岁不衰。对于现在的当代人，这是一个大悲，不觉，更是难受。然后读到后面岐伯对于上古之人为何得道的讲述，又是一悲，在这里的描述，真的是非常的大道至简了，我会想起七术中那个精细到极致的操作，在内部运转的，现在成了要如履薄冰一步步去小心调控的机制，在上古的上古时期，是如此简单地与生俱来。这样我会有一个画面，混沌天地间恶鬼横行，生命于一个巨大的鸡蛋中汇聚诞生，那个气纯粹干净的不得了，结果却经不住恶鬼的诱惑，被玷污。这是一个大悲。所以读的时候，尽是悲伤。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-20 22:23:52

6.20抄写

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-21 13:38:05

6.21上古天真论p20-22抄写

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-21 19:27:00

本帖最后由 AbyssLiu 于 2021-6-21 20:45 编辑

6.21 上古天真论篇第一P20-22
【帝曰：人年老而无子者，才力尽邪？将天数然也？】
正音查字：
1.才 “才”是“材”的本字。才，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801206123.png是象形字，字形像房柱与房梁的象形，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801504974.png像树杈，即远古简易建筑中的房柱，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801956483.png像房柱上架着的横木，即横梁。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801156720.png与金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801177595.png中的树杈模糊成实心点。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801312614.png将实心点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801354039.png写成一撇。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801499149.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，立柱架梁，开始建屋。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801267155.png继承篆文字形。甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801755639.png表示帝王https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801583047.png之才https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801744458.png。当“才”的“梁柱”含义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“材”代替。在房架https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801978717.png（才）之上加尖圆的屋顶https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801780646.png，就是远古简易的独柱式房屋https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105801420600.png（余）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：才，艸木之初也。从丨上貫一，將生枝葉。一，地也。凡才之属皆从才。
附二白话版《说文解字》：才，草木初生的样子。字形由“丨、一”构成，“丨”像草木之茎贯穿地面，将生而未生枝叶；“一”表示地面。所有与才相关的字，都采用“才”作边旁。

2.力 “力”与“又”同源。力，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131555699.png是象形字，字形像向下伸展的手臂，是右手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131915345.png（即“又”）的变形。有的甲骨文写作“左”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131986860.png。古人的手臂，由于大量的日常手工劳动而强壮有劲，造字者遂以强壮有劲的手臂代表无形的力量。在甲骨文中，有力的男子为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131313558.png，有力的女子为https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131941768.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131355185.png基本承续甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131555699.png，突出了手指的形象。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131488501.png将甲骨文字形中的手臂写成弯曲形状。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131732001.png竖写，淡化了手形。造字本义：名词，强壮有劲的手臂。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024131945749.png对篆文字形作了较大变形，手臂形象消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：力，筋也。象人筋之形。治功曰力，能圉大災。凡力之屬皆从力。
附二白话版《说文解字》：力，筋骨。像人的筋骨形状。平治天下的功能也叫“力”，这种“力”可抵御大灾。所有与力相关的字，都采用“力”作边旁。

翻译：黄帝问：人年纪大了就不能生育，是筋力耗尽呢？还是上天所给予的自然地生理变化规律导致的？

【岐伯曰：女子七岁，肾气实，齿更发长。二七而天癸至，任脉通，太冲脉盛，月事以时下，故有子。三七，肾气平均，故真牙生而长极。四七，筋骨坚，发长极，身体盛壮。五七，阳明脉衰，面始焦，发始堕。六七，三阳脉衰于上，面皆焦，发始白。七七，任脉虚，太冲脉衰少，天癸竭，地道不通，故形坏而无子也。】
正音查字：
1.癸 “癸”是“揆”的本字。癸，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613774688.png是个指事字：纵横交错的“乂”形指事符号表示东西与南北方向。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613506289.png在“乂”形符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613727238.png的四个方位上各加一短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613684858.png，表示用仪器测量方位。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613289488.png将表示方位的短横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613672380.png误写成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613340269.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613344069.png进一步突出了四个“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613594682.png的字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613452942.png承续金文字形。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613914183.png误将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613452942.png上部的个“又”写成两个“止”的“癶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613725599.png，误将篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613452942.png下部的两个“又”误成“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613312955.png，变成会义结构。造字本义：动词，用仪器手工测量精确方位。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613506567.png将籀文字形中的“癶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613725599.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613249787.png，将籀文字形中的“矢”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613312955.png写成“天”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613962612.png。当“癸”的本义消失后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613717268.png再加“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023613590858.png另造“揆”代替，强调手工测量。
附一文言版《説文解字》：癸，冬時，水土平，可揆度也。象水從四方流入地中之形。癸承壬，象人足。凡癸之屬皆从癸。data:image/png;base64,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，籀文从癶，从矢。
附二白话版《说文解字》：癸，代表冬令，这时水土平整，可以度量。“癸”的篆文字形，像水从四面流入耕地中央的样子。在天干顺序中，“癸”跟在“壬”后面，像人的脚。所有与癸相关的字，都采用“癸”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文写法的“癸”字，采用“癶、矢”会义。

2.太太，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943686460.png在“大”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943839432.png下面加一点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943710177.png，表示“大”的最高程度，极大、无限大。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943521417.png加两点https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943633880.png。造字本义：形容词，“大”的最高程度，特大，超大。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104943524091.png恢复金文字形。
3.通用，既是声旁也是形旁，表示可使器物。通，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050135646.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050565549.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050616634.png（辵，行进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050383825.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png（用，借代物用），表示物用来往，交流有无。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050520752.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050679923.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050190213.png误将甲骨文字形中的“用”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050270509.png写成“甬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png。造字本义：动词，不同部落或聚邑彼此来往，交换物用。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050664455.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050421674.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050548957.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050243894.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111050908841.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：通，達也。从辵，甬聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：通，直达。字形采用“辵”作边旁，“甬”作声旁。

4.极及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示抓住。极，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514752379.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514711785.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744534.png（木，械具）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514987690.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744515.png（及，抓住），表示起控制作用的器械。造字本义：名词，绑在马背或驴背上的木架子，方便载物或插、挂物件。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514277176.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744534.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514631640.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514744515.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021514908817.png。古籍有时假借“极”代替同音的“極”。《汉字简化方案》用“极”合并简化“極”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：极，驢上負也。从木，及聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：极，绑驴背上用以载物的木架。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“及”作声旁。

5.焦 “焦”是“燋”的本字。焦，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017940775.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017741555.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017667308.png（隹，鸟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017292675.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017988858.png（火，烤），表示烧烤鸟雀。古人用焚山的方式捕猎或取柴，以致将山上的鸟雀烧烤到炭化或接近炭化。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017395899.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017667308.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017749106.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017988858.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017230190.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017208773.png用“雥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017755284.png代替金文字形中的“隹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017749106.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017297666.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，古人用焚山的方式捕猎或取柴，以致将鸟雀烧烤到炭化或接近炭化。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017987409.png承续篆文字形。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017998973.png将篆文字形中的“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017628765.png写成“四点底”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017495414.png。当“焦”的“烧烤”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017867623.png再加“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021017624088.png另造“燋”代替，强调烧烤含义。现代汉语以“焦”代替“燋”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，火所傷也。从火，雥聲。焦或省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，被火灼伤。字形采用“火”作边旁，雥是声旁。焦，这是异体字，省去了两个“隹”。

6.堕 “队”是“坠”的本字；“坠”是“隋”和“墮”的本字；“隓”是“隋”异体字。队，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307540553.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307870863.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307510125.png（阜，石阶，代山崖）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307340926.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307177275.png（头朝下的“子”），表示小孩从山崖坠落。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307592142.png用倒写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307176436.png（头朝下坠落）代替倒写的“子”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307177275.png（坠落的孩童），表示大人从山崖坠落。远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。晋人歌吟的“死去何所道，托体同山阿”正是这种葬俗。金文“坠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307440061.png在“队”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307219838.png的字形基础上加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307657272.png（像被包裹、捆绑的尸体）、加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307978143.png（埋），表明抛葬风俗后期发展成土葬。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307785947.png误将金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307440061.png中倒写的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307428618.png写成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307808932.png，同时加“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307904604.png（肉，借代躯体），表示抛葬坠谷的尸体。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307354871.png误将早期篆文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307785947.png中的“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307911831.png写成“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307922691.png，导致“隋”的本义线索隐晦。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307109209.png省去“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307734127.png，并增加一个“左”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307240688.png。当“隋”（suí）的“坠落”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307511348.png再加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307739094.png另造“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307572781.png”（duò）代替，表示坠地；并以“左”为声旁，将 suí 音改读成 duò 音。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307130442.png调整成上下结构，并将篆文字形中的“隋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307354871.png简化成“陏”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020307604338.png。造字本义：动词，远古山民将夭折的婴孩和死去的成人从山崖抛入深谷，即原始的抛葬式天葬。
附一文言版《説文解字》：隓，敗城data:image/png;base64,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曰隓。从data:image/png;base64,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，data:image/png;base64,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聲。data:image/png;base64,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，篆文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：隓，毁坏城墙叫隓。字形采用“阜”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是篆文“隓”的异体字形。

7.白 “白”是“皀”的异体字，或者说“白”是“皀”的甲骨文省去字底部的“匕”而形成的简写字形；同时“皀”也是“即”的本字。也就是说，“皀”省略“匕”形成“白”；“皀”加上“人”（卩）构成“即”。皀，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054710391.png是象形字，字形像被盛满了的豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054767495.png顶部露出尖圆椎形的白米饭https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054996114.png，表示炊熟的米饭已经装盛上桌，即将开饭。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054491737.png将豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054767495.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055510263.png，将尖圆椎形的白米饭https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055887157.png与豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055510263.png连写，弱化了豆器的象形。繁体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055826131.png在豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055274324.png外围加上代表雾气的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055150891.png，表示满盛在豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055488669.png里的白米饭https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055848281.png热气腾腾，香气扑鼻。当“皀”的本义消失后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055591650.png加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055782680.png另造“即”代替。即，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055591650.png表示一个人跪坐https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055782680.png在白花花、香喷喷的米饭https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055936818.png面前，准备马上进食。“即”的简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055738261.png将满盛白米饭的豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055936818.png略写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055136005.png，省去了豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055459406.png的支脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055889315.png。食，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055953114.png表示一个人低头朝下张开大口https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055894414.png，对着香气https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055646284.png扑鼻的白米饭https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055688623.png尽情享用。“皀”的甲骨文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055183197.png省去了豆器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054491737.png的支脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055482369.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055233092.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055306940.png加一竖指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055391250.png，表示豆器的白米饭热气向上飘散。在造字时代的先人眼里，新蒸出笼的大米饭，香得迷人，白得亮眼。造字本义：形容词，新蒸出笼的大米饭馨香迷人，明晰如雪的样子。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055680044.png继承篆文字形。作为动词，古籍多以“即”代替“皀”；作为形容词，古籍多以“白”代替“皀”。“皀”的甲骨文本义，后来体现在篆文字形“粲”：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055962752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055981174.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055210100.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055971778.png，是“餐”的本字，进食）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055538168.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055332264.png（米，米饭）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055538168.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055194603.png（气，香气），表示餐桌上香喷喷、白灿灿的米饭。
附　字形演变线索分解：（皀）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054710391.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055826131.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023054491737.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055456527.png；（即）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055591650.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055738261.png；（食）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055953114.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055265859.png；（白）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055456527.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055233092.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055306940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055298365.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023055803960.png　
附一文言版《説文解字》：白，西方色也。陰用事，物色白。从入合二。二，陰數。凡白之屬皆从白。
附二白话版《说文解字》：白，代表西天的颜色。吊丧办事时，物品都要贴上白纸，以祈灵魂安祥归西。字形采用“入、二”会义。二，是代表阴间的数。所有与白相关的字，都采用“白”作边旁。

8.坏 “坯”（pī）是“坏”（pēi）的异体字。坏，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317305251.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317899442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317682272.png（https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317255548.png，即“郭”的本字，借代城墙）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317197847.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317248871.png（不，否定），表示不可筑墙的材料。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317251569.png用“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317883886.png（即“材”，建筑用料）代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317255548.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317682272.png（城墙）：https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317251569.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317899442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317250147.png（不，否定）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317197847.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317883886.png（才，即“材”，建筑用料），表示不宜使用的建筑材料，即未烧煅的、易断易碎的泥坯砖瓦。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317513521.png误将略有变形的“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317883886.png当成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317552772.png和折角形状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317498589.png，误将“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317883886.png写成了不知所云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317148685.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317934981.png将金文字形中本该是“才”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317883886.png的写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317158771.png。造字本义：名词，不宜用作建筑材料的未烧煅的泥坯砖瓦。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317639521.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317710683.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317400023.png。楷书异体字“坯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317992194.png用“丕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317813525.png代替“不”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317400023.png。古籍多以“坏”代替“坯”。现代汉语《汉字简化方案》用“坯”合并代替“坏”。

附注1：《汉字简化方案》以类推简化的方式（如将“懷”简化为“怀”）将“壞”简化为“坏”，相当于将“褱”简化为“不”；这种类推简化，导致了在　　　　字形上“壞（huài ）= 坏（pēi ）”的奇怪现象，客观上造成了《汉字简化方案》用“坏”（pēi）合并“壞”（huài ）的结果。　附注2：“坏”合并“壞”之后，“坏”不读它原有读音 pēi ，而转读被合并字“壞”的读音 huài，这是合并简化过程发生的“变读”现象。　
附注3：褱，既是声旁也是形旁，是“懷”的本字，表示怀抱安慰受伤流泪的孩子。壞，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/4/20210204021101653830.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317899442.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/4/20210204021113637538.gif（土，借代墙垣）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020317197847.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/2/4/20210204021133740317.gif（褱，即“懷”，怀抱安慰受伤　　　　流泪的孩子），表示安慰墙垮屋塌的受难者。造字本义：动词，墙垮垣断，房塌屋破。
附一文言版《説文解字》：坏，丘再成者也。一曰瓦未燒。从土，不聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：坏，人工重复堆成的土丘。一种说法认为，“坏”是尚未烧制的泥瓦。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“不”作声旁。
翻译：岐伯回答说：女子到了七岁，肾气充实，牙齿更换头发生长。十四岁是天癸到来，任脉畅通，冲脉旺盛，月经按时到来，所以可以孕育子女。二十一岁，肾气平和均匀，所以智齿生长，身高长到最高点。二十八岁，筋骨坚强，毛发生长到了极点，身体到了最强壮的时候。三十五岁，阳明脉开始衰退，面色开始枯槁，头发开始脱落。四十二岁，三阳经脉之气从头部开始衰退了，面色枯槁，头发开始花白。四十九岁，任脉空虚，太冲脉衰微，天癸枯竭，月经断绝，所以形体衰老，不能生育儿女。

【丈夫八岁，肾气实，发长齿更。二八，肾气盛，天癸至，精气溢，阴阳和，故能有子。三八，肾气平均，筋骨劲强，故真牙生而长极。四八，筋骨隆盛，肌肉满壮。五八，肾气衰，发堕齿槁。六八，阳气衰竭于上，面焦，发鬓颁白。七八，肝气衰，筋不能动。八八，天癸竭，精少，肾脏衰，则齿发去，形体皆极。肾主水，受五脏六腑之精而藏之，故脏腑盛，乃能泻。今五脏皆衰，筋骨解堕，天癸尽矣，故发鬓白，身体重，行步不正，而无子耳。】
正音查字：
1.至 “至”是“到”和“倒”的本字。至，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png是指事字，字形在倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743110543.png，表示地板或床铺，“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743447905.png表示站立的人，倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png表示倒卧的人，所以“至”的整个字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png表示一个人倒在床上，叉腿而卧。对远古狩猎时代整日奔波的男子来说，回到家中就意味着可以安全躺下、放松休息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743733806.png代替表示地面的一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743634569.png，明确了“地板”（地铺）的含义。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743818307.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743885084.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png。造字本义：动词，回到家里，躺下休息。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743674670.png将篆文字形中倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743103385.png写成不知云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743371846.png。当“至”的“到家”本义消失后，再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png另造“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743179044.png代替。篆文的“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743682217.png误将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743123225.png。当“到”的“到家”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“倒”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：至，鳥飛从高下至地也。从一，一猶地也。象形。不，上去；而至，下來也。凡至之屬皆从至。data:image/png;base64,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，古文至。
附二白话版《说文解字》：至，鸟从高处飞落到地面。字形用“一”作边旁，“一”好像地面。字形像鸟从高处飞落到地面。“不”，是鸟飞向高处；而“至”，则是鸟从高处飞下来。所有与至相关的字，都采用“至”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“至”。

2.劲巠，既是声旁也是形旁，表示直的。勁，古鈢字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024133604868.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024133328772.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024133520080.png（坙，直接）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134340903.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134681318.png（力，能量），表示直接的能量。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134493361.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，一往无前的冲动。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134841556.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134325982.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134797922.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134525317.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134836087.png。俗体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134820550.png依据类推简化规则将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134797922.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024134753808.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：勁，彊也。从力，巠聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：劲，力量强。字形采用“力”作边旁，采用“巠”作声旁。

3.强强，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049265145.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049427307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png（弘，声音大）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049175283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png（虫，爬行动物），表示动物的发出的巨大声音。造字本义：名词，呼啸声震憾人的大型爬行动物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049740077.png将篆文字形中的“弘”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049514491.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049234071.png，将篆文字形中的“虫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049293212.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111049731366.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：強，蚚也。从虫，弘聲。data:image/png;base64,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，籒文强，从䖵，从彊。
附二白话版《说文解字》：強，蚚类昆虫。字形采用“虫”作边旁，采用“弘”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是籀文的“强”，采用“䖵”作边旁，“彊”作声旁。

4.隆隆，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016586295.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016951402.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016993641.png（降，下沉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016248831.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016318363.png（生，从地下长出来），表示地面有降有升。造字本义：动词，山地降中有升，即因为雨水冲刷作用或地理运动作用，部分土地在下沉过程中造成四周或邻近的大面积土地抬升、突起，形成壮观的圆形或环形峰面。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016765115.png将篆文字形中的“降”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016993641.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016621567.png；将篆文字形中的“生”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016318363.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020016870056.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：隆，豐大也。从生，降聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：隆，形体丰大。字形采用“生”作边旁，采用“降”作声旁。　

5.槁高，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高大。槁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922434304.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922518300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922804773.png（林，树林）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922387480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922236338.png（高，高大），表示林木长到最高状态。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922508588.png写成上下结构。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922403976.png调整成左右结构，并将“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922875308.png简化“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922534610.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922262848.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922558485.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922698615.png，并调整成包围结构。造字本义：形容词，林木生长到极限后渐失生机，衰老枯萎。隶化后简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922435713.png恢复甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922403976.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：槀，木枯也。从木，高聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：槁，树木干枯。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“高”作声旁。

6.颁頒，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802314983.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802823225.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802652193.png（分发）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802555491.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802962497.png（頁，人头，借代人口），表示分赐人口。造字本义：动词，皇帝、王侯将土地、人马分赐给有功之臣。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802827703.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802652193.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802589626.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802962497.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802650783.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“颁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802120388.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“頁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802650783.png简化成“页”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104802320763.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：頒，大頭也。从頁，分聲。一曰鬢也。《詩》曰：“有頒其首。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：颁，大头。字形采用“页”作边旁，采用“分”作声旁。另一种说法认为，“颁”是“鬓发”的意思。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“好大的一个脑袋！”

7.藏 “臧”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png”的异体字；而“臧”是“藏”的本字。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示睡卧之床。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081420683690.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081428119618.gif（臣，即“目”的竖写，睡卧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081437461809.gif（戈，武器），表示受害人在熟睡时遭到戕杀。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614496919.png承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081517145841.gif用“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081529322166.gif（嘴，借代活着的人）代替“臣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081428119618.gif（竖目，借代睡觉的人），并加“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081543939066.gif（睡卧之床），强调受害人在熟睡时遭到杀人灭口的谋害。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081603442058.gif加“走”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081614808781.gif（逃跑），强调逃避戕害死难。篆文“臧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010083745999839.gif综合甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081420683690.gif和金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081517145841.gif，形成“臣、戕”会义的结构，字形由“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png”演变成“臧”。当“臧”由“设谋戕杀”引申出“逃避、躲藏”的含义后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081901196618.gif再加“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081909500192.gif（遮蔽）另造“藏”代替，表示利用草丛树林的遮挡，隐蔽、掩护自己。造字本义：动词，利用遮挡物的掩护隐蔽、隐匿，躲避追寻。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070403533800.gif将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081909500192.gif写成“草头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070412308844.gif，将篆文字形中的“臧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010083745999839.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070420708472.gif。作为名词“珍宝”时，“藏”合并代替了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011055018537374.gif”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“藏”字合并代替了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif（zàng）”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif（zàng）”。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示睡卧之床。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061024570979.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061033805456.gif（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061046916000.gif（爿，卧床）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061054710878.gif（酉，陶罐、酒坛），表示把宝物珍藏在家中最私密的床底下的陶罐里。先秦隶书“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061311237200.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061340944415.gif（臧，即“藏”的本字，躲藏、藏匿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061348597671.gif（貝，珍宝），明确“隐藏珍宝”的含义。造字本义：名词，小心珍藏的传家宝。古籍多以“藏”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”；而“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif”字和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”字已被废弃。
附一文言版《説文解字》：藏，匿也。臣鉉等案：《漢書》通用臧字。从艸，後人所加。
附二白话版《说文解字》：藏，隐匿。臣铉等案：《汉书》上“臧”字与“藏”字相通用。字形采用“艸”作边旁，这个“草头”是后人所加。

8.泻 “舄”是“潟”、“寫”、“瀉”的本字。寫，既是声旁也是形旁，是“瀉”的本字，表示泻殖。舄，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414194660.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414900418.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414693211.png（由右翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414510935.png、左翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414945120.png构成的双翼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414163374.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414151630.png（厶，是“厷”的省略，即“雄”的省略），表示雄鸟拍动双翅。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414108504.png将“厶”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414151630.png写成一个圈https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414565022.png，表示雄性鸟类的泻殖孔。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414242481.png误将右翼https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414510935.png写成形似“臼”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414560371.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414483395.png误将金文字形中形似“臼”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414560371.png写成“臼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414982795.png。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414270487.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414982795.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414855520.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414390201.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414712037.png。当“舄”的“鸟禽泻殖”本义消失后，楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414704053.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414324524.png（精液）另造“潟”代替。当“潟”的本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414471985.png再加“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414746429.png（家园）另造“寫”代替，表示常见的鸡鸭等家禽的泻殖；或楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414473682.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414226963.png（精液）、加“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414813367.png另造“瀉”代替。造字本义：动词，雄性鸟禽骑在雌性鸟禽背上，拍动双翅，交配泻殖。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“泻”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414206893.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“寫”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414110651.png简化成“写”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020414622477.png。古籍多以“寫”和“瀉”代替“舄”。
9.解角，既是声旁也是形旁，表示兽头上弯曲坚硬的自卫器官。解，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043318230023.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408323166.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043326813363.gif（双手，抓持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043333703521.gif（角，兽头上弯曲坚硬的自卫器官）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022408825957.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043344126904.gif（牛，长角的动物），表示屠夫双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043326813363.gif从牛的头https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043344126904.gif上剖取牛角https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043333703521.gif，牛角上的两点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043354823101.gif，表示血滴。取牛角，是剖牛过程中技术最复杂、最具代表性的步骤，因此用取牛角代表剖牛。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043427489187.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043437631969.gif将金文字形中的“角”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043615835293.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043701838693.gif，将金文字形中的“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043623472380.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812045724933049.gif，并省去金文字形中的两手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043458284525.gif，另加“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043510806555.gif（切割），强调剖宰，字形结构有所调整。造字本义：动词，剖牛，取牛角。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043642137376.gif将篆文字形中的“角”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043701838693.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043739268335.gif，将篆文字形中的“刀”和“牛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043806831868.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/8/12/20200812043817156140.gif。
附一文言版《説文解字》：解，判也。从刀判牛角。一曰解廌，獸也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：解，分开，剖开。字形采用“刀”作边旁，表示用刀判牛角。一种说法认为，是解廌，剖解兽体。

10.重東，既是声旁也是形旁，表示行囊。重，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729356425.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729965062.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729469603.png（人，旅者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729514339.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729655394.png（束，是“東”的简写，行囊），表示旅人背负行囊旅行。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png将左右结构写成混合结构，像行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729438520.png落在了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729838636.png的脚跟位置，强调脚跟所感受到的行囊的下沉份量。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729616693.png画出了旅人https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729264025.png和行囊https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729160153.png之间的背带https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729670461.png，画出了脚板https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729598655.png，强调行囊对脚板的作用力。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729721125.png基本承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729410133.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729665909.png加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729995160.png，表示背负装土的筐子，双脚感受到的负担大。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729704796.png承续金文字形。造字本义：动词，肩扛背驮的沉甸甸的行囊远行。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729485354.png将篆文字形中“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729428082.png和“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729591873.png构成的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729523001.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729967324.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729458198.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729525744.png，导致“人”形、“東”形消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：重，厚也。从壬，東聲。凡重之屬皆从重。
附二白话版《说文解字》：重，厚重。字形采用“壬”作边旁，采用“東”作声旁。所有与重相关的字，都采用“重”作边旁。
11.丈丈，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635327972.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635925678.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635772560.png（十，疑为“又”的变形，抓持，借代为手柄）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635478891.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635603713.png（又，抓持），表示抓住手柄，即持杖。造字本义：动词，扙，手持棍杖。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635624439.png承续篆文字形。俗体隶书（隶书草写）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635327365.png将正体隶书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635624439.png中的“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023635326850.png与“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023636352179.png连写，将合体字变成独体字，导致字形的“持杖”线索消失。当“丈”的“手持棍杖”本义消失后，篆文再加“木”另造“杖”代替；或俗体楷书再加“手”另造“扙”代替；或俗体楷书再加“人”另造“仗”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：丈，十尺也。从又持十。
附二白话版《说文解字》：丈，十尺的长度。字形采用“又”作边旁，表示手持“十”字形的东西。

12.夫夫，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744820980.png是指事字，字形在“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744443474.png（成人）的头部加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744360984.png，代表发簪。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744277307.png承续甲骨文字形。古人认为须发是父母所赐，不可剪除，因此年纪越大头发越长；也因此发簪成为成年男子所必需。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744234128.png基本承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，系束头发、并用发簪固定头发的成年男子。古人以束发、加冠为男子的成年仪式：男子15至16岁束发，标志着告别童少时期，成为合法公民，国家可以征用；男子20岁加冠，表示成年，可以婚配。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105744571082.png承续篆文字形。
附一文言版《説文解字》：夫，丈夫也。从大，一以象簪也。周制以八寸爲尺，十尺爲丈。人長八尺，故曰丈夫。凡夫之屬皆从夫。
附二白话版《说文解字》：夫，成年男子。字形采用“大”作边旁，用一划表示成年男子头发上的簪子。周代的长度制度，将八寸算作一尺，将十尺算作一丈。成年男子身高达到八尺丈把，所以称成年男子为“丈夫”。所有与夫相关的字，都采用“夫”作边旁。

翻译：男子八岁时，肾气充实，头发生长，牙齿更换。十六岁时，肾气鼎盛，天癸到达，精气满溢，阴阳和合，就可以生育子女了。二十四岁，肾气平和均匀分布，筋骨强劲，智齿生长，身高也长到最高了。三十二岁，筋骨粗壮，肌肉充实。四十岁，肾气开始衰退，头发开始脱落，牙齿开始干枯。四十八岁，人上部的阳明经气开始衰竭，面容枯槁，发鬓颁白。到了五十六岁，肝气开始衰竭了，筋脉不再灵活。六十四岁，天癸枯竭，精气减少，肾脏衰微，导致牙齿头发开始脱落，形体衰弱。肾脏主水，接受五脏六腑的精气储藏在里面，因而五脏旺盛，肾脏就能疏泻精气。现在年龄大了，五脏都衰退了，筋骨无力，天癸竭尽，因此发鬓颁白，身体沉重，走路不稳，不能再生育子女。

心得：上古天真论开端介绍黄帝之时，所展现的仿佛真人求学之路，敦敏，徇齐，生而神灵。与天师岐伯的问答，描绘出一幅上古真人的生活面貌，人如何能顺应天道而尽享天年，如何让五气调和与身，好像是概括展现了，七术里五气运转在人身体上的之后的面貌，感觉黄帝内经是一个从内修到外治的过度点，七术是内修，管子是外治，黄帝内经就在这连接的桥梁上了。而读起来我的感觉也徘徊在了一个纠结点，迷惑这个读法，该是像读鬼谷子时的那种内在体会的读呢？还是像一个科学研究者一样的读，让人焦灼在这个地方，卡住了。今天阅读的部分再讲女子，男子的一生运转，好像是五气细分在了九窍十二舍中，如何汇聚成天癸藏肾精以延经脉通达九窍十二舍，来主宰人体的机能运转，这个年龄的时段，如何顺应天地从生到盛再到衰，人各个年龄的身体状况，发育形态，以及生育最佳时段，就这么蓝图式的展现出来了，昨天读的时候全是自己的深层情绪，今天读的时候满脑子都在走自己的医学知识，感觉真的是一本内修外治过渡点的书籍了，这个读法的调控看起来要认真琢磨一下了。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-22 23:51:52

本帖最后由 AbyssLiu 于 2021-6-23 11:55 编辑

6.22上古天真论篇第一P22-25
【帝曰：有其年已老而有子者，何也？岐伯曰：此其天寿过度，气脉常通，而肾气有余也。此虽有子，男不过尽八八，女不过尽七七，而天地之精气皆竭矣。】
正音查字：
1.老 “考”与“老”同源，后转注分化。老，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926426641.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926465548.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926711840.png（像上卿、大夫戴的冠冕）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926485792.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926420066.png（人，长者）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926485792.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926567583.png（像手拄棍杖），表示头戴冠冕、手拄棍杖的年长上卿或大夫。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926807995.png加“毛”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926523829.png，表示上卿、大夫因年长而发长。远古中国人认为须发是父母所赐，不能随意剔剪，因此年龄越大，须发越长。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926365236.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926377534.png写成头盔形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926617069.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926839864.png对甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926807995.png进行简化。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926383474.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，古代对年长大臣的尊称。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926723407.png将篆文字形中的“長”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926510913.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104926964759.png，篆文字形中的人形、发形消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：老，考也。七十曰老。从人、毛、匕。言須髮變白也。凡老之屬皆从老。
附二白话版《说文解字》：老，衰朽。人到七十的状态叫“老”。采用“人、毛、匕”会义。这是说须发都变白了。所有与老相关的字，都采用“老”作边旁。

2.寿 “https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509860738.png”是“壽”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509860738.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509416890.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509355496.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509613619.png（是“卐”的一半，是“卐”的简写形式，表示无限延伸）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509918219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509368009.png（夕，即“肉”，借代身体）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509918219.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509159235.png（夕，即“肉”，借代身体），表示肉身长久延续。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509867681.png在甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509416890.png基础上加“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509564441.png”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509809384.png（老），表示生命长久，活到年老。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509929491.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509689233.png（道贺），表示向长命老人道贺。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509471839.png加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509987264.png（操持），表示手奉礼物，为长命老人庆贺。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509872090.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509103448.png、加“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509622687.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509207698.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，命长，活到很老。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509376350.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509207698.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509294454.png，并加“寸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509115911.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509966924.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509190370.png，将正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509294454.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104509178247.png。长命为“寿”；多签为“筹”；广田为“畴”，大浪为“涛”。
3.八 “八”是特殊指事字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812275146.png用相背的两条弧线指事符号，表示物体被分离为两部分。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812538898.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812209040.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，切分。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105812827142.png基本承续隶篆文字形。当“八”的“切分”本义消失后，篆文再加“刀”另造“分”代替。古人认为“八”是极限数，曰：“七乱八糟”。在发明十进制之前，一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，都曾是古人认识中的极限数字（参见“七”）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：八，別也。象分別相背之形。凡八之屬皆从八。
附二白话版《说文解字》：八，划分、区别。像一分为二、相别相背的形状。所有与八相关的字，都采用“八”作边旁。

4.七 “七”是“切”的本字。“七”是特殊指事字，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113839987.png写作“十”：一横代表全部、一切；一横加一竖，表示对全体进行切分。造字本义：数词，古人认为需要切分的极限数，即比六更大的数，六与八之间的正整数。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113698880.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113956220.png为了区别于“十”，将金文字形中的竖笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113171665.png写成四折曲笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113643841.png。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113724255.png将篆文字形中的四折曲笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113643841.png简化成折笔https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111113915141.png。在发明十进制之前，一，二，三，四，五，六，七，八，九，都曾是古人认识中的极限数字：一，混沌宇宙，代表全部；二，天地或乾坤或阴阳，代表一切；三，天、地、人，也代表一切；四，超越“三”的数，“二”的两倍，也是极数；五，天地交汇，也代表一切，中国珠算采用五进制；六，房屋的四壁及顶和底，也代表宇宙空间的所有维度；七，需要切分的极限数，也代表一切；八，分，与“七”相同，表示需要细分的极限数；九，用手极力地抓，表示数多至极，中国珠算亦采用九进制。当“七”的“切分”本义消失后，篆文再加“刀”另造“切”代替（参见“八”）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：七，陽之正也。从一，微陰从中衺出也。凡七之屬皆从七。
附二白话版《说文解字》：七，阳的正数。字形采用“一”作字根，“一”表示阳气，折笔表示微弱的阴气从中斜斜冒出。所有与七相关的字，都采用“七”作边旁。

翻译：黄帝问：有人年纪已经很大了，还能生育子女，是为什么呢？岐伯回答说：这是因为他的先天禀赋超过了常人，气血经脉还畅通，而肾气有余。虽然能够生育，但在一般情况下，男子不超过六十四岁，女子不超过四十九岁，这个年龄男女的精气都穷尽了。
【帝曰：夫道者，年皆百数，能有子乎？岐伯曰：夫道者，能却老而全形，身年虽寿，能生子也。】
正音查字：
1.百白，既是声旁也是形旁，表示费口舌说明、使知晓。百，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128060327386309.gif是特殊指事字，字形像一个“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128060526485949.gif（费口舌说明、使知晓）字内部包含着一个“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128060534896461.gif（费口舌说明、使知晓），表示为复杂的事物极力陈述、说明。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061754625466.gif写成两个简化的、重叠的“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061800660236.gif、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061810882613.gif。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061836220074.gif在两个“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061843919824.gif顶部加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061851971519.gif，表示不停地表白、说明。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061857291346.gif将两个“白”字重叠的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061843919824.gif变形成似“白”似“曰”的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061903493255.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061918943995.gif、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061926183452.gif承续变形的甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，说不完道不尽。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061939676585.gif将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061932276342.gif写成“白”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/28/20200128061945914396.gif。“十”是打满了结的纪事绳子；“百”是不断地说（白）；“千”是不断地走（迁）；“厲”（万）是遍布山岩的蝎子；“億”（亿）是无限地憧憬。
附一文言版《説文解字》：百，十十也。从一白。數，十百爲一貫。相章也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：百，十个十的累加之和。字形由“一、白”构成。计数方法是，十个百为一贯。这样，各个数级相彰显。

2.全全，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112230671.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112108504.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112739918.png（入，放进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112698321.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112997163.png（下，地下）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112698321.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112629714.png（“卯”，疑是双手的变形），表示放在地宫中的物品。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112463968.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112108504.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112261851.png（入，放进）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112698321.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112463692.png（玉，宝石）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112698321.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112257180.png（化，死亡）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112698321.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112716647.png（又，持有），表示持玉入葬。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112126474.png省去“化”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112257180.png，将“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112716647.png写成双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112386625.png，强调高贵的亡者双手握玉入葬。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112240802.png误将双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112386625.png写成“卯”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112407828.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112782609.png省去籀文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112126474.png中的双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112386625.png，字形简化成入葬https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112672816.png之玉https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112977289.png的简单结构。篆文异体字“仝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112857400.png用“工”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112404104.png代替“玉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112977289.png，强调葬玉制作之精工。造字本义：名词，天子随棺入葬的高级纯玉。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111112230931.png承续篆文异体字字形。
附一文言版《説文解字》：仝，完也。从入，从工。全，篆文仝从玉。纯玉曰全。data:image/png;base64,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，古文仝。
附二白话版《说文解字》：仝，完美纯粹。字形采用“入、工”会义。全，这也是篆文写法的“仝”字，采用“玉”作边旁。纯粹的玉叫作“全”。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“仝”字。

3.形形，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510012529258933.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302599130.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302859411.png（“井”的变形，矿井）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302688249.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510012819494752.gif（土，矿粉，指丹青等颜料）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302688249.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510012934921500.gif（彡，光彩），表示用矿物颜料着色。有的籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302267143.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302599130.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302846572.png（幵，“研”的省略，研磨）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302688249.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302207129.png（彡，光彩），表示研磨有色矿石，制成丹青，用以着色。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510013208934196.gif承续籀文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101015302267143.png。造字本义：动词，着色加彩，以突出显示图案。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510013253904555.gif误将篆文字形中的“幵”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510013924379213.gif（研）写成“开”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/5/10/20200510013740553166.gif。“彤”是用朱丹上彩，使物象赤化；“形”是着色加彩，使图案从背景中显示出来。
附一文言版《説文解字》：形，象形也。从彡，幵聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：形，描画，使其象物之形。字形采用“彡”作边旁，采用“幵”作声旁。

翻译：黄帝问：通达天道的人，年纪都达百岁，能不能生育呢？
岐伯曰：通达天道的人，能够推迟衰老保全身体如壮年，虽然身体年龄已经很高了，仍然能生育。

【黄帝曰，余闻上古有真人者，提挈天地，把握阴阳。呼吸精气，独立守神，肌肉若一。故能寿敝天地，无有终时。此其道生。】
正音查字：
1.真 “真”与“貞”同源，后分化。真，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810309796.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810766871.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810818255.png（人，巫师）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810105887.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810274124.png（鼎，祭祀神器），表示用神鼎祭祀占卜的巫师。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810603967.png将甲骨文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810818255.png（巫师）写成“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810689888.png（神杖），将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810274124.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810866391.png将金文字形中的“卜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810689888.png写成“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810352844.png，将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810615475.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810535684.png则将金文字形中的“鼎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810276358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810563666.png。造字本义：名词，占卜如验的贞人，贞卜高人。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810308777.png将篆文字形中的“匕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810494575.png写成“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810764344.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810563666.png写成“具”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105810266277.png，至此字形面目全非。
附一文言版《説文解字》：眞，僊人變形而登天也。从匕，从目，从乚，八所乘载也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：真：长生不死的人变形升天。字形采用“匕、目、乚、八”会义，“八”表示仙人升天所乘坐的东西。

2.提是，既是声旁也是形旁，表示正确。提，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429880691.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429154441.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429869780.png（手，扶持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429573469.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429905870.png（是，正确，不犯错误），表示扶持、引导正确方向。造字本义：动词，扶持帮助，避免错误，使之在正道上进步。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429700313.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429869780.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104429632402.png，失去五指形象。
附一文言版《説文解字》：提，挈也。从手，是聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：提，牢牢抓紧。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“是”作声旁。

3.挈㓞，既是声旁也是形旁，表示用刀刃刻划。挈，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124438287.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124174626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124431905.png（㓞，刻划）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124215536.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124972279.png（手，巴掌），表示刻在手掌上，比喻握手握得极深。造字本义：动词，手掌卡进对方手掌的虎口，牢牢地深握对方的手。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124876092.png将篆文字形中的“㓞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124431905.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124567458.png，将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124972279.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101024124851979.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：挈，縣持也。从手，㓞聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：挈，悬提着。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“㓞”作声旁。

4.把巴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示一动不动。把，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431442364.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431656637.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431349026.png（手，抓持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431385097.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431596356.png（巴，一动不动），表示一动不动地抓住。造字本义：动词，牢牢地操持、控制。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431683491.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431349026.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431279856.png，失去五指形象；将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431596356.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104431326841.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：把，握也。从手，巴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：把，握持。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“巴”作声旁。

5.握屋，既是声旁也是形旁，表示住户。握，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432205959.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432453730.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432469728.png（手，抓持、控制）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432484534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432183521.png（圈画，表示关联、锁环）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432484534.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432913299.png（室，卧房），表示给私人的卧室加锁，显示对房屋的拥有权和控制权。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432573420.png将“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432469728.png写成“丰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432975287.png。有的篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432248853.png将房屋形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432544641.png写成双手https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432772694.png，强调“掌控”的含义。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432519519.png将籀文字形中的“室”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432913299.png写成“屋”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432582418.png。造字本义：动词，对房屋享有所有权和控制权。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432880012.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432483237.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432107333.png，失去五指形象，将篆文字形中的“至”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432582418.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104432335877.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：握，搤持也。从手，屋聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文。
附二白话版《说文解字》：握，紧紧抓持。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“屋”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAA0AAAAQAQMAAAD3bWd6AAAEDGdJRnhYTVAgRGF0YVhNUD94cGFja2V0IGJlZ2luPSLvu78iIGlkPSJXNU0wTXBDZWhpSHpyZVN6TlRjemtjOWQiPz4gPHg6eG1wbXRhIHhtbG5zOng9ImFkb2JlOm5zOm1ldGEvIiB4OnhtcHRrPSJBZG9iZSBYTVAgQ29yZSA1LjMtYzAxMSA2Ni4xNDU2NjEsIDIwMTIvMDIvMDYtMTQ6NTY6MjcgICAgICAgICI+PHJkZjpSREYgeG1sbnM6cmRmPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3Lncub3JnLzE5OTkvMDIvMjItcmRmLXN5bnRheC1ucyMiPiA8cmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uIHJmOmFib3V0PSIiIHhtbG5zOnhtcD0iaHR0cDovL25zLmFkb2JlLmNvbS94YXAvMS4wLyIgeG1sbnM6eG1wTU09Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9tbS8iIHhtbnM6c3RSZWY9Imh0dHA6Ly9ucy5hZG9iZS5jb20veGFwLzEuMC9zVHlwZS9SZXNvdXJjZVJlZiMiIHhtcDpDcmVhdG9yVG9vbD0iQWRvYmUgUGhvdG9zaG9wIENTNiAoV2luZG93cykiIHhtTU06SW5zdGFuY2VJRD0ieG1wLmlpZDo3RUY2NUY5M0Y2RTUxMUU5QjNFOEJERThDRjM0M0MyMyIgeG1wTU06RG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3RUY2NUY5NEY2RTUxMUU5QjNFOEJERThDRjM0MzIzIj4gPHhtcE1NOkRlcml2ZWRGcm9tIHN0UmVmOmluc3RhbmNlSUQ9InhtcC5paWQ6N0VGNjVGOTFGNkU1MTFFOUJFOEJERThDRjM0M0MyMyIgc3RSZWY6ZG9jdW1lbnRJRD0ieG1wLmRpZDo3RUY2NUY5MkZFNTExRTlCM0U4QkRFOENGMzQzQzIzIi8+IDwvcmRmOkRlc2NyaXB0aW9uPiA8L3JkZjpSREYgPC94OnhtcG1ldGE+IDw/eHBhY2tldCBlbmQ9InIiPz4B//79/Pv6+fj39vX08/Lx8O/u7ezr6uno5+bl5OLh4N/e3dzb2tnY19bV1NPS0dDPzs3My8rJyMfGxcTDwsHAv769vLu6ubi3trW0s7KxsK+urayrqqmop6alpKOioaCfnp2cm5qZmJeWlZSTkpGQj46NjIuKiYiHhoWEg4KBgH9+fXx7enl4d3Z1dHNycXBvbm1sa2ppaGdmZWRjYmFgX15dXFtaWVhXVlVUU1JRUE9OTUxLSklIR0ZFRENCQUA/Pj08Ozo5ODc2NTQzMjEwLy4tLCsqKSgnJiUkIyIhIB8eHRwbGhkYFxYVFBMSERAPDg0MCwoJCAcGBQQDAgEAq4lZkAAAAANzQklUAQEBfC53ggAAAAZQTFRFAAAA////pdmf3QAAAAJ0Uk5T/wDltzBKAAAAAWJLR0QB/wIt3gAAAAxjbVBQSkNtcDA3MTIAAAAHT223pQAAACVJREFUGNNj+PuD4YAEA5B8YMEAZwNB/QeGBg6G9zugIkA2WBwAAn4ThXNrbhcAAAAASUVORK5CYII=，古文握字。

6.敝 “㡀”是“敝”的本字；“敝”是“弊”的本字。㡀，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021347738859.gif（“敝”字局部）是指事字，字形在“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021431696111.gif（用布帛制作的系佩衣饰）字上加表示碎片的四点指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023021439437802.gif，表示将布帛衣物撕扯成碎片。当“㡀”成为单纯字件后，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020025949144859.gif再加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030013523421.gif（持械击打）另造“敝”代替，强调人为破坏布帛衣物。简体甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030054389702.gif将“㡀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030002446929.gif简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030410763321.gif。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729955109.png加“十”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023023652492403.gif（“又”的简写，用手抓），将甲骨文字形中的“㡀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030002446929.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105729248531.png，将甲骨文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030013523421.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/23/20201023025838440224.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030108123879.gif基本承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，将布帛衣物撕碎扯烂，人为破坏衣物。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030121914335.gif将篆文字形中的“㡀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030133800892.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030143659665.gif，将篆文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030150990346.gif写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020030206352350.gif。当“敝”从动词“人为破坏衣物”引申出形容词含义“衣物陈旧破败”之后，隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020012317421226.gif再加“廾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/20/20201020091157995905.gif（用双手抓）另造“弊”代替，强调“人为破坏”的含义。作形容词时，古籍多以“敝”代替“㡀”和“弊”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：敝，帗也。一曰敗衣。从攴，从㡀，㡀亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：敝，拔扯巾帛。另一种说法认为，“敝”是毁坏衣物的意思。字形采用“攴、㡀”会义，同时“㡀”也作声旁。

翻译：黄帝问：我听说上古时期有真人，他能牢牢与天地阴阳自然消长变化的规律同步合和，自由地呼吸天地之间的精气，来保守精神，身体与精神合而为一。所以寿命就与天地相当，没有终了之时。这就是得道而长生。

【中古之时，有至人者，淳德全道，和于阴阳。调于四时，去世离俗。积精全神，游行天地之间，视听八达之外。此盖益其寿命而强者也。亦归于真人。】
正音查字：
1.至 “至”是“到”和“倒”的本字。至，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png是指事字，字形在倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png下面加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743110543.png，表示地板或床铺，“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743447905.png表示站立的人，倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743506791.png表示倒卧的人，所以“至”的整个字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743911184.png表示一个人倒在床上，叉腿而卧。对远古狩猎时代整日奔波的男子来说，回到家中就意味着可以安全躺下、放松休息。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png用“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743733806.png代替表示地面的一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743634569.png，明确了“地板”（地铺）的含义。籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743818307.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743454480.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743885084.png承续金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743551566.png。造字本义：动词，回到家里，躺下休息。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743674670.png将篆文字形中倒写的“交”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743103385.png写成不知云的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743371846.png。当“至”的“到家”本义消失后，再加“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png另造“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743179044.png代替。篆文的“到”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743682217.png误将“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743237041.png写成“刀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104743123225.png。当“到”的“到家”本义消失后，篆文再加“人”另造“倒”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：至，鳥飛从高下至地也。从一，一猶地也。象形。不，上去；而至，下來也。凡至之屬皆从至。data:image/png;base64,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，古文至。
附二白话版《说文解字》：至，鸟从高处飞落到地面。字形用“一”作边旁，“一”好像地面。字形像鸟从高处飞落到地面。“不”，是鸟飞向高处；而“至”，则是鸟从高处飞下来。所有与至相关的字，都采用“至”作边旁。data:image/png;base64,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，这是古文写法的“至”。

2.淳淳，古鈢字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533197655.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533935076.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533246104.png（鬲，鼎锅）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533982345.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533779677.png（羊，动物、野味）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533982345.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533358200.png（水，汤），表示鼎锅里的肉汤。有的古鈢字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533347151.png有所变形，将https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020533499396.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534747040.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534669002.png明确“羊”的字形。造字本义：名词，鼎锅熬煮的味道纯香浓厚的羊肉汤。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534294567.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534864122.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534975405.png，同时误将篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020534669002.png字形中的“羊”写成“子”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：淳，渌也。从水，享聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：淳，水清澈。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“享”作声旁。

3.调調，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041417556.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041449625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041615042.png（言，商议）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041752556.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041967542.png（周，全而不漏），表示全面商议。造字本义：动词，为达成一致在各方间商议。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041566443.png将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041615042.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041863899.png，将篆文字形中的“周”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041967542.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041579960.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“调”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041796957.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041863899.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023041209637.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：調，和也。从言，周聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：调，以柔性言辞促进双方合和。字形采用“言”作边旁，采用“周”作声旁。

4.游 “斿”是“遊”的本字。斿，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806957157.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806706439.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png（㫃，旗帜）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806855747.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png（子，学童），像飘扬的旗帜https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806621367.png引领一队学子https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806764368.png。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806247153.png基本承续甲骨文字形。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806422960.png突出执旗https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806899748.png游学的学子的手和脚https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806851239.png。当“斿”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806666154.png再加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png（河）另造“游”代替，表示古代学子打着族旗，过河越境，四处参观学习。造字本义：动词，古代学子以族旗为护照，举旗越境参观巡学。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806763480.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806461313.png写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806606675.png，将篆文字形中的“斿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806491358.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020806907518.png。当“游”引申出“泅水”的稳定义项后，后人以“辵”（行进）代替“水”（河界）另造“遊”，表示陆上的巡行。古人称泅水横渡为“游”，称顺着河道长距离游行为“泳”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：游，旌旗之流也。从data:image/png;base64,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，汓聲。data:image/png;base64,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，古文斿。
附二白话版《说文解字》：游，旌旗末端的旖旎流苏。字形采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作边旁，采用“汓”作声旁。data:image/png;base64,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，是古文写法的“斿”。

5.益 “益”是“溢”的本字。益，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147199538.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147476748.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147275438.png（盛器）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147756419.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147308961.png（水），字形像水https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147308961.png从盛器https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147275438.png的开口处溢出。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147875668.png将甲骨文字形中四点的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147308961.png简写成三点的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147867937.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147719350.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147308961.png写成横写的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147275106.png，强调“水横溢”。造字本义：动词，盛器水满而溢出。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147757438.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147275106.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147345461.png，将篆文字形中的“皿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147298983.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147109194.png。有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147144227.png将横写的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147345461.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105147468602.png。当“益”的“横溢”本义消失后，篆文再加“水”另造“溢”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：益，饒也。从水皿。皿，益之意也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：益，富饶有盈余。字形采用“水、皿”会义，“皿”表示水从器皿上满出来。

6.盖盍（盇），金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143463383.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143783459.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143833567.png（像护罩）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143471800.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143922003.png（盒，器皿），表示器皿的护罩。当“盍”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143937184.png再加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143704861.png（草，茅）另造“蓋”代替，强调以茅草为材料。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143440028.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143795856.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143317683.png。造字本义：动词，用茅草遮蔽屋顶。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143891996.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143704861.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143870725.png，误将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143498420.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143335124.png写成“盍”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143869360.png；有的隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143735603.png则误将隶书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143295338.png写成“羊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105143213031.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：葢，苫也。从艸，盇聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：盖，茅苫。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“盇”作声旁。

翻译：中古时代有至人，道德淳朴完美，符合天地阴阳的变化。适应四时气候的变迁，避开世俗喧闹。聚精会神，遨游于天地之间，所见所闻，能够广及八方荒远之外。这是寿命延长，身体强健的人。也可以归于真人。
【其次有圣人者，处天地之和，从八风之理，适嗜欲与世俗之间，无恚嗔之心。行不欲离于世，举不欲观于俗。外不劳形于事，内无思想之患。以恬愉为务，以自得为功。形体不敝，精神不散，亦可以百数。】正音查字：
1.圣圣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611849762.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611665350.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611601076.png（共，供奉）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611808128.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611694425.png（土，土地），表示供奉、敬拜的土地神。在古人眼中，滋生万物的土地神奇而完美。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611627092.png将“共”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611601076.png简化成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611213632.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611821983.png将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611213632.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611428580.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611614451.png写成“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611555633.png。造字本义：名词，神奇完美的土地神。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611409068.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611428580.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023611701626.png。古人称主天者为“神”，称主地者为“圣”。由于“圣”、“聖”本义相近，唐宋之后多以“圣”代替“聖”；《汉字简化方案》以“圣”合并“聖”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：圣，汝潁之閒，谓致力於地曰圣。从土，从又。
附二白话版《说文解字》：圣，汝河、颍水一带，人们将致力于土地的开发利用称作“圣”。字形采用“土、又”会义。

3.嗔真，既是声旁也是形旁，是“慎”的省略，表示小心克制。嗔，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901985136.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901362079.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901448094.png（口，怒骂）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901831384.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901466988.png（真，即“慎”），表示慎于怒骂，克制愤怒。造字本义：动词，心怀愤怒，但克制住不怒骂。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901118077.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901448094.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901330451.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901466988.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022901152296.png。附一文言版《説文解字》：嗔，盛气也。从口、眞聲。《詩》曰：振旅嗔嗔。
附二白话版《说文解字》：嗔，火气盛大。字形采用“口”作边旁，采用“真”作声旁。《诗经》中说道：“凯旋队伍火气很盛。

4.愉 “俞”是“渝”、“逾”和“愉”的本字。齊，既是声旁也是形旁，是“濟”的省略，表示众人整齐划桨渡河。俞，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020445904067.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020445987102.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111145782314.png（舟，船）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020445374706.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020445753816.png（是“齊”的变形，即“济”的省略，渡河），表示众人整齐划桨，乘船渡河或航行。在山阻水隔、交通原始不便的远古时代，能乘船渡河或长途航行，是开心快意的幸事。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033517296762.gif将甲骨文字形中的“舟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111145782314.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111145205210.png，将甲骨文字形中的“齊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111145950648.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033610465739.gif。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033659922576.gif将“齊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033610465739.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033857209060.gif，即在“齐”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033759129034.gif边上加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205033956525947.gif，明确“整齐划水、行舟渡河”的含义。当“俞”的“划水渡河”本义消失后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010605355353.gif再加“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010642971540.gif（情绪）另造“愉”代替，表示心情畅快。金文异体字“愉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010727912164.gif将上下结构调整成左右结构。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010758959662.gif将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010815631895.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206011312343424.gif，将金文字形中的“俞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010830888653.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205061211604406.gif。造字本义：形容词，因撑船渡河、跨越空间障碍而开心快意。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010844899946.gif将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206011312343424.gif写成“竖心旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010912536735.gif，将篆文字形中的“俞”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/5/20201205061211604406.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/6/20201206010925690080.gif。当“俞”的本义消失后，金文加“辵”另造“逾”代替；篆文加“ 水”另造“渝”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：愉，薄也。从心，俞聲。《論語》曰：“私覿，愉愉如也。”
附二白话版《说文解字》：愉，浅浅的快乐。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“俞”作声旁。《论语》上说：“私下见面时，他的脸色一副和悦的样子。”

翻译：其次有圣人，安居平和的在天地之间，顺从八风的变化规律，调整自己的爱好以适合世俗习惯，内心没有愤怒。行为不脱离世俗，但举动又不仿效世俗而保有自己独特的风格。在外不使身体为事务所劳，在内不使思想有过重负担。以清净愉悦为本务，以悠然自得为目的。所以形体毫不衰老，精神不耗散，年寿也可以达到百岁。
【其次有贤人者，法则天地，象似日月。辩列星辰，逆从阴阳。分别四时，将从上古。合同于道，亦可使益寿而有极时。】
正音查字：
1.贤 “臤”是“賢”的本字。臤，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122343752.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122706755.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343949450.png（臣，官吏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122327167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122958513.png（又，抓持，把控），表示管理官吏。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122375213.png承续甲骨文字形。当“臤”作为单纯字件后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122380835.png再加“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122536284.png（钱财，借代国家或地方政府的财政）另造“賢”代替，表示管理官吏与财政。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122222480.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，德才超群，善于管理人才与财政，富国强民。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122324165.png将篆文字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023343547289.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png，将篆文字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122544691.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“贤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122931000.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“臤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122574423.png简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122747749.png，将正体楷书字形中的“貝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122469569.png简化成“贝”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111122560252.png。古籍多以“贤”代替“臤”。古人称大臣善于管理组织为“贤”，称女子心灵手巧为“惠”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：賢，多才也。从貝，臤聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：贤，多才多能。字形采用“贝”作边旁，采用“臤”作声旁。

3.辩辯，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219483901.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219183319.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219594042.png（辡，涉及刑事的双方，原告与被告）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219341632.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219661464.png（言，诉讼），表示原先与被告诉讼争论。造字本义：动词，古代庭审诉讼时原告和被告双方的论争。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219854277.png将篆文字形中的“辡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219594042.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219583538.png，将篆文字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219661464.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219335170.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“辩”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219258485.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“言”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219335170.png简化成“讠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105219360033.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：辯，治也。从言在辡之閒。
附二白话版《说文解字》：辩，依法治理。字形采用“言、辡”会义，表示言在“辡”之间。

翻译：其次有贤人，能够效法天地变化，取象日月的升降。分辨星辰的运行，顺从阴阳的消长。根据四时气候的变化来调养身体，追随上古真人，以求合于养生之道，这样，也可以延长寿命而接近自然地天寿。

上古天真论心得：读来能感觉到自己左边的手臂里气在流转，似乎在提示，这种气态的流转我们所感知到的就是人的本源，人有天地汇聚精气而统聚五气成形，如此天真之人，为神灵。如果能够平静按照这种气运流转的指引来，统摄容纳承载着。外界的诸多将成为搅动这些气的运转的干扰，同样内部投射化的情绪也会因这种气的刺激而拉扯，无法的天道者，便是在这些干扰拉扯中跑到了任意一方，而忘了全局，失了公正（这里还是有一种平衡的感觉，却又知道了不该寻找平衡，但是谈及此处，又觉得这公平把控，不就是寻找平衡点吗？好像也不是，平衡点应该是小视野的落在内部去找一个通道来拉扯天平两端，找到一个折中点，又是在分了，是分的方式在统摄稳固，而真正的公正似乎是容纳所有，包容全部，允许他们在内部搅动，知道他们的战争，但是又能容纳所有）。这里有一个奇妙的感受，从自己体会到的出发的，好像今人的方式，是割裂，囚禁，圈定一个领域，把不好的或者是无法承受的气的流转关在里面，打包丢掉。以至于离经叛道。这里突然想到灵龟，养志法灵龟，那个德的灵龟，中正安定包容万象，内部并非是绝对的平衡平静，内部也有狂风暴雨，只是无论内部是风和日丽还是狂风暴雨，灵龟就在那里安然不动。这样会联想到昨天读完的《管子》牧民，君主为德，稳固国家，不是苛刻的要求每一个人民都绝对安定的不出现任何状况，而是出现了各种状况都能包容，以法令来治理，都知道他们是自己的人民，该如何处置，无论是刑罚还是奖励，都是志（法令）指引下的对待一家人的公平处理，因为已经定了志，而不是偏私抛弃，失了自己君主的德行，丢了君主的位置，位置偏移，必然扭曲。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-23 12:02:45

6.22抄写

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-24 21:23:31

6.24四气调神大论篇第二P26-29【春三月，此谓发陈。天地俱生，万物以荣。夜卧早起，广步于庭。披发缓形，以使志生。生而勿杀，予而勿夺，赏而勿罚。此春气之应，养生之道也。逆之则伤肝，夏为寒变。奉长者少。】
正音查字：
1.陈 “陳（陈）”与“陣”同源，后分化。陳，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820459940.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820638184.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820921757.png（阜，山地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820192485.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820741969.png（東，是“車”的误写，以战车借代部队），表示部队在野外山地布阵。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820761245.png加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820761245.png（持械打击），表示部队持械进攻。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820206849.png加“土”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820150576.png（旷野），表示部队在旷野布阵。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820448914.png误将金文字形中的“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820741969.png写成“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820796125.png加“申”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820656080.png的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820689969.png。造字本义：名词，部队在旷野、山地行军作战时的阵形。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820713122.png将篆文字形中的“阜”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820539840.png写成“左耳旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820899754.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820689969.png写成“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820276830.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“陈”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820859289.png，依据草书字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820736382.png，将正体楷书字形中的“東”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820342871.png简化成“东”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105820696109.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：陳，宛丘，舜後嬀滿之所封。从阜，从木，申聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：陈，宛丘，地名，是叫“妫满”的舜后所封的地方。字形采用“阜、木”作边旁，采用“申”作声旁。

2.荣 “燊”、“爃”是“榮”的异体字。“”，既是声旁也是形旁，是“熒”的本字，表示花丛密集的花蕊和花粉色彩明亮，眩人眼目。榮，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222024136873774.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021147962804.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222040635783386.gif（“”，即“熒”的本字，花蕊荧亮）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021147824474.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222073105743642.gif（木，树），表示树木花开满枝，眩目荧亮。造字本义：动词，草木繁花绽放。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222040942529778.gif将篆文字形中的“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222040635783386.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222041317381145.gif，将篆文字形中的“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222073105743642.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222041324705834.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“荣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222041639608699.gif，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222041317381145.gif简化成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222041624567343.gif。篆文异体字“燊”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222070141904149.gif用“ 焱”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222070232576813.gif代替“”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222040635783386.gif。楷书异体字“爃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222072833209325.gif再加“火”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/12/22/20201222072916135900.gif，写成左右结构。古籍多以“榮”代替“燊”和“爃”。古籍常“荣华”并用，表示草木花开繁盛，也比喻地位出众，风光气派，引人称羡；“荣”多指木本开花；“华”多指草本开花。
附一文言版《説文解字》：榮，桐木也。从木，熒省聲。一曰屋梠之兩頭起者爲榮。
附二白话版《说文解字》：荣，桐木。字形采用“木”作边旁，用省略了“火”的“熒”作声旁。一种说法认为，“荣”是屋梠两头翘起的檐角。

3.广 “广”是“廣”的异体字。廣，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840899772.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840977590.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840117592.png（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840276592.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840179884.png（黄，即“寅”，练箭、练兵），表示练兵习武的宽敞房屋。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840221844.png将甲骨文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840117592.png（房屋）写成“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840559235.png（开放墙体的建筑），强调便于练兵习武的开阔建筑空间，并将甲骨文字形中的“寅”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840179884.png写成“黄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840592805.png，箭形消失。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840125525.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840778416.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840365897.png，将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840705294.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840443952.png。篆文异体字“广”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840365897.png省去“黄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840443952.png。造字本义：名词，开放局部墙体的宽敞建筑。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105840155355.png承续篆文字形。古籍多以“廣”代替“广”。《汉字简化方案》用“广”代替“廣”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：广，因广爲屋，象對剌高屋之形。凡广之屬皆从广。讀若儼然之儼。
附二白话版《说文解字》：广，依崖架屋，像屋顶对刺的高屋。所有与广相关的字，都采用“广”作边旁。读音像读“俨然”的“俨”。

4.缓爰，既是声旁也是形旁，是“援”的本字，表示解困。緩，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105206553960.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207800766.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207702655.png（垂，落下）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207449937.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207292101.png（糸，衣带）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207449937.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207474042.png（爰，即“援”，解困），表示解开系带，使之垂落。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207813115.png省去“垂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207702655.png。造字本义：动词，宽衣解带。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207895144.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207913113.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207284658.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207579303.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207905520.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“缓”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207782611.png，依据类推简化规则，将正体楷书字形中的“糹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207284658.png简化成“纟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105207591494.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，繛也。从素，爰聲。緩，data:image/png;base64,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或省。
附二白话版《说文解字》：缓，宽绰。字形采用“素”作边旁，采用“爰”作声旁。“緩”，这是data:image/png;base64,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的异体字，省略了data:image/png;base64,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。

5.予予，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214144106.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214498705.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214102635.png（像梭子头部）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214948397.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214107684.png（像连着丝线“乙”的梭子），表示上下两个织布梭子相交接https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214552746.png的样子。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214980492.png承续甲骨文字形。造字本义：动词，带着纬线的梭子在经线中来回穿行，不断地给出丝线。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214620609.png、https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214161337.png变形较大，篆文字形中两梭相接https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105214712329.png的形象消失。
附一文言版《説文解字》：予，推予也。象相予之形。凡予之屬皆从予。
附二白话版《说文解字》：予，将东西推托给人。字形像用手托付他人的样子。所有与予相关的字，都采用“予”作边旁。

6.应雁，既是声旁也是形旁，表示迁徙飞行时能息息相通、善于配合的大型候鸟天鹅。應，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075207936273.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443801302.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075217243904.gif（疑为“雁”的变形，息息相通、善于配合的候鸟）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443791666.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075225838318.gif（心，意念），表示像大雁一样意念相通。造字本义：动词，彼此存在息息相通的共鸣，能默契地彼此配合，彼此影响。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075251580154.gif将篆文字形中的“雁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075217243904.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075309202652.gif，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075225838318.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075323294719.gif。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“应”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104443429728.png，依据狂草字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075401978182.gif对正体楷书字形进行整体简化，将正体楷书字形中的“雁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075309202652.gif简写成“广”加三点的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075534446650.gif，将正体楷书字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075323294719.gif简化成一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/11/20210111075514379629.gif。光影的折射为“映”，强调客观性；对某一事物的反响为“应”，强调主观性。
附一文言版《説文解字》：應，當也。从心，data:image/png;base64,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聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：应，当，该。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“data:image/png;base64,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”作声旁。

翻译：春季三个月，是万物复苏的季节。大自然生机勃发，草木欣欣向荣。应当夜卧早起，在开阔的庭院里散步。散开束发，舒缓衣物以放松身体，以此来让志气生发。春季应生不要杀伐，要给予，不要夺取，要奖赏，不要惩罚。这是与春生之气呼应，是养生的天道。违背它就会气堆积而伤肝，到了夏天就要发生寒变。供给夏天成长的条件也就少了。
【夏三月，此谓蕃秀。天地气交，万物华实。夜卧早起，无厌于日。使志无怒，使华英成秀。使气得泄，若所爱在外。此夏气之应，养长之道也。逆之则伤心，秋为痎疟。奉收者少。】
正音查字：
1.蕃 “藩”是“蕃”的异体字。番，既是声旁也是形旁，表示未开化的西域边境地区。蕃，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054584775.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054390264.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054592032.png（艸，植物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054366682.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054890335.png（番，西域边境），表示西域边境的草地。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054574344.png承续金文字形。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054795039.png加“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054367825.png（河川），表示边远地区的河流、荒芜草地。造字本义：名词，西域边境地区广大的荒芜草地。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054681839.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054178374.png写成“卄”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054611169.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054514447.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021054311811.png。古籍多以“藩”代替“蕃”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：蕃，艸茂也。从艸，番聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：蕃，草生长繁茂。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“番”作声旁。

2.秀秀，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403442278.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403402744.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403312624.png（禾，谷物）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403936995.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403963307.png（乃，奶，哺乳），表示谷物扬花灌浆。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403183524.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403963307.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403382040.png。造字本义：动词，谷物扬花，抽穗灌浆。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403735361.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403809535.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403998778.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403382040.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104403886687.png。庄稼抽穗叫“秀”；庄稼不结穗叫“秃”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：秀，上諱。漢光武帝名也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：秀，是皇上（刘秀）的忌讳用字。秀，是汉代光武帝的名。

3.厌 “猒”是“厭”的本字。犬，既是声旁也是形旁，表示猎物。猒，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030987973.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030943589.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030267639.png（不是“肙”，像猛兽的圆头和大口利齿，表示噬咬、吞食……参考“熊”的金文字形）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030616491.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030645792.png（犬，猎物），表示肉食性猛兽猎食动物。肉食性猛兽捕获动物后可以一次性生食大量兽肉，但它们猎杀的大型猎物的体积，往往大大超过它们的食量；猛兽吃饱后对剩余的兽肉失去兴趣，弃之不顾，或几天后再返回猎杀现场进食剩余的兽肉。野生动物对食物的本能追求，仅限于一次性满足的眼前生存目标，一旦吃饱，对多余猎物就不再保持兴趣，无论剩余多少，也无论当初为猎物付出多大代价。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030217430.png将金文字形中的“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030576528.png写成“甘”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030192112.png，强调享用美食，同时误将金文字形中大口利齿状的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030675433.png写成“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030342755.png（肉），将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030645792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030593227.png。当“猒”作为单纯字件后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030746845.png再加“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030371496.png（山崖）另造“厭”代替，表示肉食性猛兽在山崖间捕食猎物。造字本义：动词，肉食性猛兽吃够猎物的兽肉后，对多余的兽肉失去兴趣。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030471493.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030371496.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030201463.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030398346.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030726280.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“厌”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030195393.png，删去正体楷书字形中的“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030774938.png”，将“猒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030726280.png省略成“犬”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022030630261.png，字形变成“犬在岩下”的结构。古籍多以“厭”代替“猒”。由于“厭”与“壓”的字形、读音相近，古籍中常假借“厭”（厌）代替“壓”（压）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：厭，笮也。从厂，猒聲。一曰合也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厭，压榨。字形采用“厂”作边旁，采用“猒”作声旁。一种说法认为“厭”是相合的意思。

4.怒奴，既是声旁也是形旁，表示为人役使的女子。怒，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904934516.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904160860.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904860103.png（女，即“奴”的省略，为人役使）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904698472.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904726981.png（心，不满态度），表示妾奴对主人役使的不满。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904731626.png将金文字形中的“女”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904860103.png写成“奴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904937074.png。造字本义：动词，妾奴对主人的无情役使发泄不满。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904847794.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904937074.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904762650.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904946349.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104904905378.png。“恕”、“怒”在金文中通用，篆文分化：女子宽谅他人的冒犯为“恕”，奴妾反抗主人的无情役使为“怒”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：怒，恚也。从心，奴聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：怒，愤恨。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“奴”作声旁。

5.泄世，既是声旁也是形旁，是“卅”的异体字，表示三十，即数量巨大。泄，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065517226922.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704514566.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065526603372.gif（水，积水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704532928.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065535249632.gif（丗，即“卅”，三十），表示大量排水。造字本义：动词，快速、大量地排水。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704311326.png将篆文字形中的“水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065526603372.gif写成“三点水”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704848237.png；将篆文字形中的“世”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/21/20201021065535249632.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020704974869.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：泄，水。受九江博安洵波，北入氐。从水，丗聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：泄，河川。接纳九江博安的支流，于北面流入低洼地。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“丗”作声旁。

6.痎亥，既是声旁也是形旁，是“咳”的省略，表示咳嗽。痎，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119114958299018.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111110247206.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115006624526.gif（疒，疾病）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111110914978.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115015106794.gif（亥，是“咳”的省略），表示重咳的疾病。造字本义：动词，严重肺病引起一发不止的恶性咳嗽。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115051474711.gif将篆文字形中的“疒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115006624526.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115100530884.gif，将篆文字形中的“亥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115015106794.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/1/19/20210119115109929121.gif。
附一文言版《説文解字》：痎，二日一發瘧。从疒亥聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：痎，两日发作一次的虐疾。字形采用“疒”作边旁，采用“亥”作声旁。

7.疟虐，既是声旁也是形旁，表示折磨。瘧，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101247989.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101426429.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101169131.png（疒，病）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101169160.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101360554.png（虐，折磨）。造字本义：名词，一种忽寒忽热、对病人折腾不休的风寒病。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101829194.png将篆文字形中的“疒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101169131.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101555912.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101360554.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101466509.png。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“疟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101543604.png，省去正体楷书字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111101316020.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：瘧，熱寒休作。从疒，从虐，虐亦聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：疟，冷热交替，不停地发作。字形采用“疒、虐”会义。“虐”也作声旁。

8.收丩，既是声旁也是形旁，是“糾”的本字，表示绳子缠绕、打结。收，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042889951.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042597468.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042234207.png（丩，即“纠”，纠结，表示用绳索梱绑）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042593457.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042256114.png（攴，持器械打击），表示捆绑罪犯，并加以打击。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042646252.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042234207.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042662366.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042256114.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042119364.png。俗体隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042596842.png将“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042119364.png写成“反文旁”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111042829722.png。造字本义：动词，打击罪犯，梱绑入监。
附一文言版《説文解字》：收，捕也。从攴，丩聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：收，逮捕。字形采用“攴”作边旁，采用“丩”作声旁。

翻译：夏季的三个月，草木茂盛，华美秀丽。天地阴阳之气上下交汇，各种草木开花结果。应当夜卧早起，不要厌恶白天太长。使志气不生怒气郁结于心中，使容色秀美。使气在腠理间可以通畅发泄，如有所爱之物在外吸引一样。这就是与夏长之气相应，是养长的天道。违背它就会伤到心气，秋天就会患疟疾。这是因为夏天长养的基础差，供给秋天收敛的能力也就差了。
【秋三月，此为容平。天气以急，地气以明。早卧早起，与鸡俱兴。使志安宁，以缓秋刑。收敛神气，使秋气平。无外其志，使肺气清。此秋气之应，养收之道也。逆之则伤肺，冬为飧泄。奉藏着少。】
正音查字：
1.容囗，既是声旁也是形旁，是https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751602881.png的简写，即“囧”，窗洞，代居所。容，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751705581.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751225407.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751870338.png（穴，岩穴）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751996667.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751991706.png（囗，即“囧”，窗洞，居所），表示远古祖先在山洞、岩穴中挖孔凿窗，采光通风，以寄居栖身。古鈢字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751726785.png承续甲骨文字形。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751828255.png写成“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751999598.png、“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751504799.png会义的结构，表示“山谷中的居所”。造字本义：动词，栖身、藏身于洞穴。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751747916.png将篆文字形中的“宀”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751999598.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751470744.png，将篆文字形中的“谷”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751504799.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105751236221.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：容，盛也。从宀、谷。㝐，古文容从公。
附二白话版《说文解字》：容，装盛。字形采用“宀、谷”会义。㝐，这是古文写法的“容”字，字形采用“公”作声旁。

2.平 “平”与“乎”同源。乎，https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044975879.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104030910842.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044737732.png（于，号角）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/13/20200213104036165925.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101022044797475.png（向上的“气”、或发出的响声），表示号角吹得紧急、响亮，表示危机来临，部落紧急“呼叫”。平，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214042530168077.gif是指事字，字形在“乎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214042612384220.gif（吹号示警，招集部落）顶部加一横指事符号https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214042621868112.gif，表示号音悠长、稳定，无起伏，以此号音代表部落安全无事，安定众民。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043515603500.gif将“气”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043616369445.gif和“于”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043622700203.gif构成的“乎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214042612384220.gif，连写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043605915409.gif。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043105649297.gif将金文字形中的“乎”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214042612384220.gif写成“兮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043244821348.gif。造字本义：动词，号音稳定悠长，没有起伏变化，表示警情安定。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/2/14/20200214043441391384.gif承续简体金文字形。号角吹不出任何声音叫“亏”（表示完全缺乏中气）；号角吹得“嘘嘘”无力叫“兮”；号角高亢并紧急叫“乎”（“呼”，部落紧急招集的号角）；号吹得音调悠长、稳定、没有起伏变化叫“平”（号音平直，表示平安无事，没有警情）。
附一文言版《説文解字》：平，語平舒也。从亏，从八。八，分也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：平，语调平缓舒放。字形采用“亏、八”会义。字形中的“八”，表示分散。

3.急及，既是声旁也是形旁，表示追赶、捉拿人犯。急，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831552103.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831388609.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831796489.png（及，抓人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831577522.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831467782.png（心，情绪），表示被人追逼的感觉。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831209567.png将金文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831467782.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831155834.png。造字本义：形容词，内心感到被追逼，感到紧张焦虑。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831775028.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831556891.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831482590.png，将篆文字形中的“心”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831155834.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104831776274.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：急，褊也。从心，及聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：急，偏狭的心态。字形采用“心”作边旁，采用“及”作声旁。

4.清青，既是声旁也是形旁，是“倩”的省略，表示美丽、漂亮。清，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535206042.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535256855.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535875754.png（水，泉水）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535120768.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535914649.png（青，即“倩”，美丽、漂亮），表示水体透澈漂亮。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535738276.png将“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535914649.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535279548.png。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535578795.png将“青”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535914649.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535877539.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535310402.png承续金文字形。造字本义：形容词，水无杂滓，明丽澄澈。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535826494.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535282276.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535681456.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535329931.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020535474464.png。丽水为“清”，丽日为“晴”；美目为“睛”，美意为“情”；好话为“请”，好米为“精”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：清，朖也。澂水之皃。从水，靑聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：清，水净透明。水澄澈的样子。字形采用“水”作边旁，采用“靑”作声旁。

5.飧 “飱”是“飧”的异体字。食，既是声旁也是形旁，表示进餐。飧，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845226805.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845435010.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845814047.png（夕，即“肉”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845978304.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845547275.png（食，进餐），表示享用肉食。篆文异体字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845211516.png调整成上下结构。造字本义：动词，在餐桌上享用肉食。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845799468.png将篆文字形中的“夕”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845486219.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845161666.png，将篆文字形中的“食”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845104831.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104845319828.png。古籍多以“飧”代替“飱”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：飧，餔也。从夕食。
附二白话版《说文解字》：飧，零食。字形采用“夕、食”会义。

7.藏 “臧”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png”的异体字；而“臧”是“藏”的本字。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示睡卧之床。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081420683690.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081428119618.gif（臣，即“目”的竖写，睡卧）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081437461809.gif（戈，武器），表示受害人在熟睡时遭到戕杀。简体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614496919.png承续甲骨文字形。繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081517145841.gif用“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081529322166.gif（嘴，借代活着的人）代替“臣”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081428119618.gif（竖目，借代睡觉的人），并加“爿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081543939066.gif（睡卧之床），强调受害人在熟睡时遭到杀人灭口的谋害。有的繁体金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081603442058.gif加“走”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081614808781.gif（逃跑），强调逃避戕害死难。篆文“臧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010083745999839.gif综合甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081420683690.gif和金文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081517145841.gif，形成“臣、戕”会义的结构，字形由“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614656619.png”演变成“臧”。当“臧”由“设谋戕杀”引申出“逃避、躲藏”的含义后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081901196618.gif再加“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081909500192.gif（遮蔽）另造“藏”代替，表示利用草丛树林的遮挡，隐蔽、掩护自己。造字本义：动词，利用遮挡物的掩护隐蔽、隐匿，躲避追寻。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070403533800.gif将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010081909500192.gif写成“草头”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070412308844.gif，将篆文字形中的“臧”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/10/20201010083745999839.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011070420708472.gif。作为名词“珍宝”时，“藏”合并代替了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011055018537374.gif”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------“藏”字合并代替了“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif（zàng）”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif（zàng）”。爿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示睡卧之床。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061024570979.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061033805456.gif（宀，房屋）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061046916000.gif（爿，卧床）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061054710878.gif（酉，陶罐、酒坛），表示把宝物珍藏在家中最私密的床底下的陶罐里。先秦隶书“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061311237200.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614883437.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061340944415.gif（臧，即“藏”的本字，躲藏、藏匿）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104614989840.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011061348597671.gif（貝，珍宝），明确“隐藏珍宝”的含义。造字本义：名词，小心珍藏的传家宝。古籍多以“藏”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif”和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”；而“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011060738511162.gif”字和“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/10/11/20201011071631695880.gif”字已被废弃。
附一文言版《説文解字》：藏，匿也。臣鉉等案：《漢書》通用臧字。从艸，後人所加。
附二白话版《说文解字》：藏，隐匿。臣铉等案：《汉书》上“臧”字与“藏”字相通用。字形采用“艸”作边旁，这个“草头”是后人所加。

翻译：秋季三个月，是草木茂盛成熟盛满的季节。天气劲急，地气清明。早卧早起，和鸡同时活动。让志气安宁，以此来舒缓秋天肃杀之气的影响。精神内收，志气不散外，这样就可以让肺气清和
。这是顺应秋时，养收的天道。违背它就会伤肺，冬季就要生飧泄病。这是因为秋天收敛的基础差，供给冬天藏的能力就差了。
【冬三月，此谓闭藏。水冰地坼，无扰乎阳。早卧晚起，必待日光。使志若伏若匿，若有私意。若已有得，去寒就温。无泄皮肤，使气亟夺。此冬气之应，养藏之道也。逆之则伤肾，春为痿厥。奉生者少。】
正音查字：
1.坼 “坼”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420030429149369.gif”的异体字。“斥”是“㡿”的异体字；“斥”也是“拆”的本字。㡿，既是声旁也是形旁，表示拆除建筑。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420030429149369.gif，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093429916920.gifhttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020259311117.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093440747408.gif（土，地层）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020259945032.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093446291002.gif（㡿，拆除建筑），表示拆开地层，比喻地层遭到外力强制性的破坏而开裂。造字本义：动词，由于大旱或地震等原因，地层开裂。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420032340542034.gif将篆文字形中的“㡿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093446291002.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420032359822501.gif。俗体楷书“坼”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093531194677.gif将“㡿”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420032359822501.gif写成异体字“斥”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/3/31/20210331093538955304.gif。古籍多以“坼”代替“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420030429149369.gif”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：坼，裂也。《詩》曰：“不https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420030527444061.gif不疈。”从土㡿聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：坼，土地开裂。《诗经》上有诗句唱道：“不https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2021/4/20/20210420030527444061.gif不副”。字形采用“土”作边旁，采用“㡿”作声旁。

2.扰擾，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519597735.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519680293.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519973421.png（像一个人用手捧着）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519211326.png（包裹，代表包着婴儿的襁褓），表示对婴儿的哭闹无奈，心烦。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519657833.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519680293.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519813355.png（像一个人托举两手）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519995232.png（包着婴儿的襁褓）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519832604.png（脚，走动），表示一个人双手抱着在襁褓里哭泣的婴儿，四处走动，哄着婴儿。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519462305.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519680293.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519240862.png（手，抱）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519411206.png（页，烦恼）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519576211.png（止）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519893467.png（止，走动）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519158715.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519623263.png（了，婴儿)，强调婴儿带来的干扰：因为婴儿啼哭，大人不得不在半夜里起床抱着孩子走动。造字本义：动词，啼哭的婴儿影响大人的作息。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519586685.png将篆文字形中的“手”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519240862.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519502464.png，失去五指形象。《汉字简化方案》中的简体楷书“扰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519797579.png，用笔画简单的同音字“尤”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519453076.png代替笔画复杂的“憂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104519983981.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：data:image/png;base64,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，煩也。从手，夒聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：扰，令人烦。字形采用“手”作边旁，采用“夒”作声旁。

3.伏伏，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941676182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941995751.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941361810.png（大，成年人，猎手）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941477489.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941901142.png（犬，猎犬），表示猎手与猎犬。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941830873.png将甲骨文字形中的“大”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941361810.png写成“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941582469.png，将甲骨文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941901142.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941742908.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941486933.png将金文字形中狗的形象https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941742908.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941729542.png。造字本义：动词，猎手带着猎狗，趴卧隐蔽，伺机出击猎物。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941399822.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941391032.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941283162.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941729542.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021941307002.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：伏，司也。从人，从犬。
附二白话版《说文解字》：伏，伺机行猎。字形采用“人、犬”会义。

4.匿若，既是声旁也是形旁，是“喏”的本字，表示答应。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100252204.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100318242.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100378848.png（匚，围墙，表示躲藏）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100955182.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100621121.png（“若”，即“喏”，表示应答），表示藏而不应。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100721701.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100621121.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100428318.png，明确“应答”含义。造字本义：动词，藏身躲避，不回应。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100116188.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100428318.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111100193911.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：匿，亡也。从匚，若聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：匿，逃亡。字形采用“匚”作边旁，采用“若”作声旁。

5.亟 “https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248539447.png”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248212209.png”的本字；“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248212209.png”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248840246.png”的本字；“亟”是“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248840246.png”的异体字；而“亟”是“極”的本字。https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248539447.png，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248811113.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248513207.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248626220.png（二，天和地）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248795936.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248849379.png（人，世人），表示人之上的天，与人之下的地，即天地两个极端。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248458335.png将甲骨文字形上端的一横https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248195695.png写成“二”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248541999.png（上天），明确天地两端的含义。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248539447.png”字偏废后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248238631.png加“口”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248418876.png（说话、催逼）另造“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248212209.png”代替，表示极力催逼。当“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248212209.png”字https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248830818.png偏废后，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248628855.png再加“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248243391.png（持械击打）另造“https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248840246.png”代替，表示极力威逼、催促。篆文“亟”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248830818.png将金文字形中的“攴”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248243391.png省略成“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248429888.png（抓）。造字本义：动词：极力威逼，极力催促。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248795845.png误将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248654602.png和“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248429888.png写成“勹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248821731.png和“又”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248644496.png，淡化“人”形。印刷体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023248701638.png将正体楷书字形中“一勹”的字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023249207815.png简写成“了”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023249604342.png，导致“人”形完全消失。当“亟”的“极限”本义消失后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023249849394.png再加“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101023249357537.png另造“極”代替。
附一文言版《説文解字》：亟，敏疾也。从人从口，从又从二。二，天地也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：亟，敏捷迅速。字形采用“人、口、又、二”会义。二，表示天地。

6.痿委，既是声旁也是形旁，是“萎”的省略，表示干枯萎缩。痿，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126946550.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126465713.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126142359.png（疒，疾病）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126408273.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126562113.png（委，即“萎”），表示组织或器官由于疾病而萎缩。造字本义：动词，由于神经系受损或失调，身体组织或器官出现萎缩，失去正常生理功能。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126656361.png将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126142359.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126765914.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126562113.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103111126173834.png。古籍常假借“委”代替“痿”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：痿，痹也。从疒，委聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：痿，麻痹无感觉。字形采用“疒”作边旁，采用“委”作声旁。

7.厥 “欮”是“厥”的本字；“厥”是“瘚”的本字。欮，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855148952.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855346901.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855261649.png（屰，即“逆”的本字）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855214466.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855262237.png（欠，叹息，借代呼吸），表示逆呼吸，即反呼吸、无呼吸。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051317191761.gif将金文字形中的“屰”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855261649.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051843112634.gif，将金文字形中的“欠”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855262237.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051336334510.gif。当“欮”作为单纯字件后，籀文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051403887815.gif加“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051438578658.gif（人体）另造“厥”代替，强调呼吸骤停的人体健康症状。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051525907410.gif误将籀文字形中的“尸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051438578658.gif简化成“厂”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855591951.png。造字本义：形容词，昏晕，中医认为是突然气闭昏晕或四肢僵直；西医称休克，认为大脑一时性缺血、缺氧引起的短暂的意识丧失。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855441150.png将篆文字形中的“欮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/11/24/20201124051317191761.gif写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855636782.png。当“厥”的本义弱化后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855473346.png再加“疒”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104855947744.png（病变）另造“瘚”代替，强调“厥”为一种病症。
附一文言版《説文解字》：厥，發石也。从厂，欮聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：厥，发射石块。字形采用“厂”作边旁，采用“欮”作声旁。
翻译：冬季的三个月，这是万物生机潜伏闭藏的时候。寒冷的天气，使河水结冰，大地冻裂。这时不能扰动阳气。适应这种环境，应该早睡晚起，一定等到太阳出来时再起床。使志气如同潜伏藏起来一样，好像有私意般藏在心里。如果已经得到满足，要避开寒凉，保持温暖。不要让皮肤腠理张开出汗，使气被频繁损伤。这是顺应冬季之气养藏之天道。违背它就会伤肾，春天就会得痿厥病。这是因为冬季闭藏的基础没打好，春季生发的能量就少了。

心得：医思-春日生发之季，需舒缓形体，给予放松舒适的空间，来帮助志气运化生发，此时要注意包容宽松的环境，就像春苗生长一样，要给予养分，不可行肃杀夺取刑罚这些会让心气聚集的事情，这种聚集的力道会扰乱志气生发，从而让志气淤堵在肝脏中，导致伤肝。伤肝后肝气郁结，没有志气来给予后来的运作，夏季便会寒症起。这是由于春生不足，供给夏长的能量也就弱了；夏长，需维护一个肥沃的身体状态，如何维护，夜卧早起，无厌于日。记得夏日外热，反而体内会寒凉，所有的能量在推动向外蓬勃生长，这时候如果忽略了照顾内在，便会出无法华英成秀，内里伤心。外在在生长，内部要稳住，这是夏季的阴阳平衡，志气生发，但不可怒。让气顺腠理好好地被外物所吸引向外生长，内部我们顺应天地的守卫好，保护好能量补给站-不伤心。秋天就有所收了。冬季闭藏，在严冬中将志气好好地储藏好，忌泄。藏好了，有了充足的能量，才能在春季生发之计，获得生发的力量。如此春夏秋冬，环环相扣。
不晓得这个志，是否就是五气说的志气，如此到好似是了。想起老师那天分享的关于志是基层的关键角色，志是名称。定义其余四气的运转的内容。所以才在四季养生中守着志。志乱，则养生乱。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-26 00:11:44

本帖最后由 AbyssLiu 于 2021-6-26 14:30 编辑

6.25四气调神大论29-32
【天气，清净光明者也，藏德不止，故不下也。天明则日月不明，邪害空窍。阳气者闭塞，地气者冒明。云雾不精，则上应白露不下。交通不表，万物命故不施，不施则名木多死。恶气不发，风雨不节，白露不下，则菀槁不荣。贼风数至，暴雨数起，天地四时不相保，与道相失，则未央绝灭。唯圣人从之，故身无奇病。万物不失，生气不竭。】
正音查字：
1.空窍：即孔窍。空，穴，洞。
2.施：也，既是声旁也是形旁，是“蛇”的省略，表示蜿蜒蠕动。施，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625240283.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625944500.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png（㫃，是“旗”的本字，飘扬的军旗）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625492626.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625948884.png（也，即“蛇”，蜿蜒蠕动），比喻军旗在风中旖旎飘动。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625589218.png将金文字形中的“㫃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625242256.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png，即误将金文字形中的旗杆形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625567272.png写成“方”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625372082.png，误将金文字形中的旗幅形状https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625461222.png写成“人”形的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625224916.png。造字本义：动词，军旗在柔和的风中旖旎招展。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625955628.png将篆文字形中的“㫃”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625140385.png简写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625685398.png，将篆文字形中的“也”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625115000.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104625421598.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：施，旗皃。从㫃，也聲。齊欒施字子旗，知施者旗也。
附二白话版《说文解字》：施，旗帜飘动的样子。字形采用“㫃”作边旁，采用“也”作声旁。齐国欒施字子旗，由此可知施是旗。

3.菀：通“蕴”，蕴积。
4.槁：高，既是声旁也是形旁，表示高大。槁，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922434304.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922518300.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922804773.png（林，树林）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922387480.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922236338.png（高，高大），表示林木长到最高状态。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922508588.png写成上下结构。有的甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922403976.png调整成左右结构，并将“林”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922875308.png简化“木”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922534610.png。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922262848.png将金文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922558485.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922698615.png，并调整成包围结构。造字本义：形容词，林木生长到极限后渐失生机，衰老枯萎。隶化后简体楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922435713.png恢复甲骨文字形https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101021922403976.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：槀，木枯也。从木，高聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：槁，树木干枯。字形采用“木”作边旁，采用“高”作声旁。

翻译：天气，是清净光明的，天气潜藏着清净光明的生生之德，永远无尽，万物所以能长久生存而不会消亡。如果天德不藏，显露他的光明，日月就没有了光辉，外邪就会乘虚而入侵入孔窍。流畅的阳气，就会闭塞不通，沉浊的地气，反而遮蔽光明。云雾弥漫不晴，那么，地气不得上应天气，甘露也就不能下降了。天地之气不能交流，万物的生命不得成长，这样名果珍木多亡。草木就枯槁，而不会茂盛了。邪气潜藏不得发散，风雨失去节律，白露不降下，草木就生气蕴积不通枯槁不荣，不会茂盛了。邪风时时侵袭，暴雨不断到来，天地四季不能相互平衡，与正常的自然规律相违背，这样的话，万物在生长的中途便都夭折了。只有圣人能够顺应自然变化，注意养生，所以身体才没有重病。如果万物不失保养之道，那么它的生命之气是不会衰竭的。
【逆春气，则少阳不生，肝气内变。逆夏气，则太阳不长，心气内洞。逆秋气，则少阴不收，肺气焦满。逆东汽，则太阴不藏，肾气独沉。夫四时阴阳者，万物之根本也。所以圣人春夏养阳，秋冬养阴，以从其根。逆其根，则伐其本，坏其真矣。故阴阳四时者，万物之终始也，死生之本也。逆之则灾害生，从之则苛疾不起。是谓得道。道者，圣人行之，愚者背之。从阴阳则生，逆之则死，从之则治，逆之则乱。反顺为逆，是谓内格。】
正音查字：
1.苛可，既是声旁也是形旁，表示不受阻碍。苛，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904154653.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904963625.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904385088.png（艸，草）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904273361.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904755599.png（可，不受阻碍），表示随处生长的野草。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904885061.png承续金文字形。造字本义：名词，随处生长的小草。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904584564.png将篆文字形中的“艸”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904500294.png写成“艹”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904185818.png，将篆文字形中的https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904778792.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/1/20200101020904130147.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：苛，小艸也。从艸，可聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：苛，小草。字形采用“艸”作边旁，采用“可”作声旁。

2.背 “北”是“背”的本字。北，甲骨文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456158307.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456350003.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456729675.png（面朝左的人）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456472457.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456263076.png（面朝右的人），表示两个人朝着相反方向，即双方相违逆、相违背。金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456480946.png、篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456918000.png承续甲骨文字形。当“北”由动词“背对背”引申出名词“后背”之后，篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456614076.png再加“肉”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456392692.png（器官）另造“背”代替，强调身体器官的含义。造字本义：名词，与正面的胸相对的身体器官，人体躯干的后部、在脖子和骨盆之间的部分。隶书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456425533.png将篆文字形中的“北”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456354971.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456848798.png，将篆文字形中的“月”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456392692.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103104456542109.png。
附一文言版《説文解字》：背，脊也。从肉，北聲。
附二白话版《说文解字》：背，脊背。字形采用“肉（月）”作边旁，采用“北”作声旁。

3.佩佩，金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752503591.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752870107.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752178475.png（反写的“人”）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752559167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752614879.png（“丮”的变形，执持）https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752559167.pnghttps://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752940467.png（巾，精致绸带）表示以绸带执持，即系在绸带上。有的金文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752945498.png将“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752940467.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752157988.png，在“巾”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752784835.png上端加https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752151736.png（“又”的变形）表示抓持。篆文https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752181459.png误将金文字形中的“丮”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752614879.png写成“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752724459.png。造字本义：动词，用精致的绸带系挂玉饰。隶化后楷书https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752968811.png将篆文字形中的“人”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752627293.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752702577.png，将篆文字形中的“凡”https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752724459.png写成https://www.vividict.com/Upload/2020/1/3/20200103105752244436.png。在古代，饰品用绸带系挂在身上叫“佩”；饰品套、插在头上叫“戴”。
附一文言版《説文解字》：佩，大帶佩也。从人，从凡，从巾。佩必有巾，巾謂之飾。
附二白话版《说文解字》：佩，用宽大的绸带来佩挂饰物。字形采用“人、凡、巾”会义。佩物必系巾，佩物系巾，这称为“饰”。
翻译：如果违背了春天之气，那么少阳之气就不会生发，肝气内郁而发生病变。违背了夏天之气，太阳之气就不能生长，会使得心气内虚。违背了秋天之气，那么少阴之气就不能收敛，会使得叶焦而胀满。违背了冬天之气，太阴之气就不能闭藏，肾气就会衰弱。四季阴阳变化，是万物的根本。所以圣人在春季夏季的时候保养心肝，秋冬的时候保养肺肾，以此适应养生的根本原则。如果违背了这一根本原则，就会摧残本元，坏其身。所以阴阳四季变化，是万物生长的根本始终，也是生命死生的本源。违背就会有灾祸，顺应就不会得重病。这样就是掌握了天道自然地养生之道。这个道，圣人奉行它，愚蠢的人违背它。顺应阴阳就可以生，违背阴阳就会死，顺从就可以安定，违背就会发生祸乱。如果不顺应阴阳四时的变化而违逆，就会生病，病名为内格。
【是故圣人不治已病治未病，不治已乱治为乱，此之谓也。夫病已成而后药之，乱已成而后治之，譬犹渴而穿井，斗而铸兵，不亦晚乎？】
翻译：因此圣人不治已经发生的病而倡导未病先防，不治理已经形成的动乱而注重在未乱之前的疏导。加入疾病形成以后再去治疗，动乱形成以后再去治理，这就好像口渴才去挖井，发生战斗才去铸造兵器，那不是太晚了吗？

四气调神大论篇心得：感受春，感受披发缓形，广步于庭。那是一种舒畅放松，好像身体松松的慵懒的舒散开，好像广阔田地，土壤已经松好，让生命开始在这里生长开来，任其生长，不要杀伐。感受夏，自己的感觉占了主导，身体内的气膨胀却无法发出来，被堵住了，这算是一个反面的感受，那个时候是很不舒服的，感觉内部一团气搅动着要烧起来了，这时候如果真正的若所爱在外，使气得泄，应该是非常美好的。这一步的体会卡在了前面，到时给了一个逆之则伤心（烧心）的真实感受。体会秋，秋日外在肃杀，而内在让志气安宁，守住内心的平静安宁，这是会有一个气回收于身在内部转动，但是身体像是个容器一样好好地盛装着他们，起初还有些力道，慢慢变这些气回归安宁，细微的颤动着，内心闪过画面是天地上下有流转的巨大气旋，人站在广袤的黄色天地间，放眼望去一片广阔，与天地相融的深沉的宁静。体会冬，有些思虑想要向外冒出，牢牢地把它们装回自己身体里，能感受到头皮颤栗，这应该是自己的感觉，出现一幅画面，冰雪天地间，人走在其中，穿着厚厚的棉衣，并将棉衣紧紧裹住，前后加起来，似乎冬季就是要把这种头皮颤栗的蠢蠢欲动的志意，牢牢地裹在棉衣里，好好地藏着，守住了不要让他们泄出去。
体会万物若是没了自然规律，体会的感觉是很糟糕了，头晕而僵痛，脑袋里左右两边，不同的气在冲突运转，人开始感到非常的不舒服，这样的不顺应自然，没有了规律，便可能就是如此的感觉了，人的身体内部也会混乱，充斥着冲突的张力，人也开始烦躁焦虑，如此自然是要得病了。天地人内外为一，顺着来，就是场域顺畅，人与天地其虑交会，五脏六腑调和运行。逆着来，人非要以自己的气场与天地对立，便是焦灼的冲突，不自量力的自毁之路了。

AbyssLiu 发表于 2021-6-26 21:20:36

四气调神大论抄写

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